Long-Term Exposure to Phenanthrene Induced Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activities of Cyprinus carpio below the Safe Concentration

Abstract

Phenanthrene (PHE) is a typical compound biomagnified in the food chain which endangers human health and generally accumulates from marine life. It has been listed as one of the 16 priority PAHs evaluated in toxicology. In order to evaluate the changes of CYP1A GST mRNA expression and EROD GST enzyme activity in carp exposed to lower than safe concentrations of PHE. Long-term exposure of carp to PHE at lower than safe concentrations for up to 25 days. The mRNA expression level and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A/EROD (7-Ethoxylesorufin O-deethylase)) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were measured in carp liver and brain tissue. The results showed that PHE stress induced low-concentration induction and high-concentration inhibition of CYP1A expression and EROD enzyme activity in the liver and brain of carp. In both two organs, GST enzyme activity was also induced. However, the expression of GST mRNA was first induced and then inhibited, after the 15th day. These results indicate that long-term exposure to PHE at lower than safe concentrations still poses a potential threat to carp’s oxidase system and gene expression.

Biomarkers of Catalase, Glutathione S-transferase and EROD in Echinometra mathaei exposed to PAHs in northern Persian Gulf

“…Phenanthrene stress could GST enzyme activity was induced (Kang et al 2022) The increase in oxidative stress caused a limited increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GR, GPOX and GST in sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri, although the amount of antioxidant enzymes in sea stars, Patiriella regularis and Odontaster validus showed a higher level than sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Perhaps the reason for this is the increase in the limitation of the effects of environmental CO2 pressure.…”

“…Phenanthrene stress induced low-concentration induction and high-concentration inhibition of EROD enzyme activity in the liver and brain of carp. These results indicate that long-term exposure to PHE at lower than safe concentrations still poses a potential threat to carp's oxidase system and gene expression (Kang et al 2022).…”