Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk

Beelen, Rob; Hoek, Gerard; Brandt, Piet A. van den; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra; Fischer, Paul; Schouten, Leo J.; Armstrong, Ben; Brunekreef, Bert

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318181b3ca

Cited by 197 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…None of these studies considered multipollutant models. Beelen et al (2008) presented the detailed results for one of the cohorts included in the ESCAPE study, a study of approximately 115,000 Dutch subjects. They examined the relationship between lung cancer and PM 2.5 and BC.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

122

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While most in the scientific community are of the opinion that the composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important driver of resultant health effects, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding those components considered to be most harmful. Reviews of the subject from several perspectives have been published, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components does not exist. We reviewed published epidemiological studies that were of a cohort design, included at least one PM component as well as PM 2.5 mass, and included quantitative analysis to relate health outcomes to individual components. Toxicological studies were included if they were ≥5 months in duration and either included at least one PM component as well as PM mass or focused on a specific PM or emissions type. Overall, we find that epidemiological and toxicological evidence for long-term effects of PM components is limited, in contrast to the short-term literature, which is more plentiful. Epidemiological literature suggests that a number of components are associated with health effects, and that no component is unequivocally not so associated. Toxicological studies that can more easily identify potentially causal components are generally limited to long-term studies using concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), of which few long-term studies exist. Epidemiological study designs that utilize existing monitoring data routinely collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be valuable additions to the literature, as would novel toxicological studies that incorporate innovative designs to separate components or groups of components, such as denuders, filtration, or other approaches. From a policy perspective, it is important to more comprehensively investigate this issue so that if particular constituents are determined to be more potent in inducing health effects, their sources can be controlled.Implications: Understanding the components of PM 2.5 that are most harmful to human health is a critical policy issue. This review examined the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM components and found that, unlike the literature on short-term health effects, there is insufficient information to make clear inferences about causal components. There is a need for further research in this area to exploit existing PM monitoring data in epidemiological studies and to design experimental studies that are able to tease out the effects of multiple constituents.

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Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

122

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“…Beelen et al (2008) found evidence for an association of exposure to black smoke with lung cancer incidence in people who had never smoked. The BC exposure induces oxidative-inflammatory reactions and DNA damage in rats (Danielsen et al, 2010) and increase of biomarkers for inflammation in mouse pulmonary alveolar macrophage (Shang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cashew nut roasting: Chemical characterization of particulate matter and genotocixity analysis

Galvão

Cabral

André

et al. 2014

Environmental Research

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“…Air pollution is comprised of various particulate matters (PMs) that can cause skin diseases, cancer, pulmonary, and cardiovascular diseases [2][3][4]. The increased ambient PM from industrialization and urbanization is highly associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased ambient PM from industrialization and urbanization is highly associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Spin Traps to Control ROS in Antipollution Cosmetics—A Review

Sawant¹

2018

Cosmetics

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Abstract:Pollution from air and sunlight has adverse effects on human health, particularly skin health. It creates oxidative stress, which results in skin diseases, including skin cancer and aging. Different types of antioxidants are used as preventative actives in skin-care products. However, they have some limitations as they also scavenge oxygen. Recently, spin traps are being explored to trap free radicals before these radicals generating more free radicals (cascading effect) and not the oxygen molecules. However, not all spin traps can be used in the topical cosmetic skin-care products due to their toxicity and regulatory issues. The present review focuses on the different pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to pollution and the potential use of spin traps in anti-pollution cosmetics to control ROS.

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Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk

Abstract: We found evidence for an association of exposure to black smoke and traffic with lung cancer incidence in people who had never smoked. No associations were found for the full cohort, or for other categories of smoking.

Cited by 197 publications

References 24 publications

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Cashew nut roasting: Chemical characterization of particulate matter and genotocixity analysis

Potential Use of Spin Traps to Control ROS in Antipollution Cosmetics—A Review

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