Long-term follow-up after quinacrine sterilization in Vietnam. Part I: interim efficacy analysis

Endometrial abnormalities on transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathology in women after quinacrine sterilization.

“…18 In this study there was endometrial hyperplasia in two (0.37%) and endometrial carcinoma in 2(0.37%) after quinacrine sterilization. In an international study the women were investigated for endometrial abnormalities through transvaginal ultrasound and subsequent histopathology for confirmation and it was found that the chances of histopathological evidence of endometrial abnormalities were increased if history of irregular bleeding was present along with abnormal endometrium on ultrasound.…”

A nonsurgical permanent contraception stakeholder advisory committee: FHI 360's experience

“…First, the results of a rat carcinogenicity study on quinacrine found a dose-related increase in reproductive tract tumors [15], and second, we found relatively high failure rates in a large long-term follow-up study of quinacrine users in Vietnam. After 5 years, 13% of women who had two insertions of quinacrine and 27% of women with one insertion became pregnant [16]. The results of the Vietnam case-control study [13] and the long-term follow-up of quinacrine users in Chile [17] did not show any association between quinacrine use and reproductive tract cancers.…”

Current Contraceptive Research

“…Data from long-term follow-up of women in Chile showed 10-year cumulative pregnancy rates of 3% among women 35 or older at the time of quinacrine insertion and 11% among younger women; 36 by comparison, five-year pregnancy rates in Vietnam were 7% for women 35 or older and 13% for those younger than 35. 37 In accordance with WHO and FDA recommendations, carcinogenicity studies in animals will be completed before additional phase III trials begin. Preliminary animal studies suggest that the antibiotic erythromycin may be more effective than quinacrine for nonsurgical female sterilization.…”