Long-term Individual Dietary Surveys

Chappell, Gweneth M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19550047

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Yudkin (1951) reported that the average weekly calorie intakes of five student dietitians varied considerably from week to week, but no obvious relation was found between food consumption and menstruation. In a prolonged study of one woman Chappell(1955) found the calorie intake to be raised by physical exercise and by very cold weather; the effect of menstruation, if any, was masked by variation from other causes.…”

Section: Injluence Of the Menstrual Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, activity and body-weight. A study of variations in a woman

Taggart

1962

Br J Nutr

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Metabolic and clinical investigations may involve the measurement of comparatively small changes in body-weight between the beginning and end of a period. Even with accurate scales and a carefully standardized procedure, the results may be distorted or obscured by short-term fluctuations of weight, which are difficult to control because their nature is not fully understood. These rapid fluctuations were referred to several times at a recent symposium of The Nutrition Society on Calorie Balance in Man. Durnin (1961) mentioned changes in weight from day to day of up to I kg in a group of forty-four men living under controlled conditions, and Edholm (1961) reported that in a group of twelve young soldiers weighed daily for a period of 7 weeks, a weight change of more than 0.5 kg from one day to the next was found on over a hundred occasions and weight changes of I kg or more were observed on thirty occasions. Elkinton & Danowski (1955) found a maximum weight change of about I kg from one day to the next, in one man whose basal body-weight was determined on 53 of 56 consecutive days; the standard deviation of body-weight was 5 0.86 lb or 5 0.51 yo of the body-weight. Graphs of the daily basal weight of fourteen women for 35 days, published by Thomas ( 1 9 5 3 )~ show similar weight fluctuations. T h e literature otherwise contains very little information about daily weight changes.The original object of the study reported here was to investigate possible changes in weight and food intake related to the menstrual cycle in one subject. Such changes were not found, but the figures collected illustrate the extent of daily fluctuations in weight and help to explain them in terms of food intake, water balance and activity. E X P E R I M E N T A LProcedure. Daily measurements of food and water intake, body-weight and urine output were made on one subject during two periods. During the first period (A) of 80 days (8 October to 26 December 1958), ordinary food habits and activities were maintained and a record of activity was kept for part of the time. During a second period (B) of 35 days (9 April to 13 May

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Section: Injluence Of the Menstrual Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, activity and body-weight. A study of variations in a woman

Taggart

1962

Br J Nutr

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“…Ninety-seven studies were identified with figures for individual fat consumption (Paton et al 1902;Ferguson, 1916Ferguson, , 1919Tully, 1921Tully, , 1924Tully & Urie, 1992;Bedale, 1923;Medical Research Council, 1924, 1926Hill, 1925a, b ;Orr & Clark, 1930;Cathcart & Murray, 1932Clark, 1933;Widdowson & McCance, 1936, 1942Charles, 1937;Fry & Myers, 1938;McCance et al 1938;Khan, 1941;Widdowson & Alington, 1941;Cameron & Graham, 1944;Bransby & Wagner, 1945;Bransby, 1946;Roscoe & McKay, 1946;Pyke et al 1947;Bransby et al 1948a, b ;Cook, 1948;Hobson, 1948;Berry et al 1949;Kitchin et al 1949;Bransby & Osborne, 1953;Hobson et al 1953;Bransby & Fothergill, 1954;Keys & Keys, 1954;Widdowson et al 1954;Chappell, 1955;Hobson & Pemberton, 1955, 1956Durnin eta/. 1957Durnin eta/.…”

Section: R E S U L T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in individual fat consumption in the UK 1900–1985

Stephen

Sieber

1994

Br J Nutr

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Mortality from coronary heart disease is decreasing in a number of Western countries, although the pattern of the decrease differs from country to country. In the UK the mortality rate from coronary heart disease has declined since 1979, whereas in the USA mortality from this disease began to fall in 1968 and has continued since that time. Of many factors suggested as reasons for the decline, diet has been implicated, particularly dietary fat intake. However, food balance information suggests little change in fat intake. A recent examination of all published studies from the USA where individual fat intake has been reported indicated that fat intake in that country has fallen steadily since the mid 1960s. The present study describes a similar compilation of all published studies from the UK giving individual fat intakes. Ninety-seven studies, representing information for 24 045 individuals, were used. Studies ranged in size from two to 3581 individuals and were drawn from all regions of the UK. Most studies used 7 d weighed intakes as the method of dietary assessment. Quadratic regression equations were applied to the fat intakes from all studies over time, with each study weighted by the number of individuals surveyed. Data were also divided into 10-year periods and weighted fat intakes for each decade were calculated. Data were expressed for all studies, then subdivided into males, females, children and the elderly. Comparisons between Scotland and the South-East of England were made. Results indicate that fat represented 30% or less of dietary energy in the UK until the 1930s, when it began to rise. This rise was curtailed by rationing during and after the Second World War, after which the rise continued, reaching a plateau of about 40% energy in the late 1950s, with little change until the late 1970s. Trends were similar in all age-groups, but less change has occurred recently in Scotland compared with South-East England. These results differ from the pattern in the USA and suggest that if greater changes in mortality from coronary heart disease are to be seen in the UK a greater reduction in dietary fat intake will have to occur.

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“…Thomson (1958) obtained similar evidence for pregnant women. T h e only long-term dietary survey known to us was done by Chappell (1955), who reported results for one woman for 70 weeks and for one man for 13 weeks. We have not included these observations, because their standard deviations would reflect fluctuations in the consumption of two individuals over time.…”

Section: Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%