Long-term leisure time physical activity and properties of bone: A twin study

Ma, Haonan; Leskinen, Tuija; Alén, Markku; Cheng, Sulin; Sipilä, Sarianna; Heinonen, Ari; Kaprio, Jaakko; Suominen, Harri

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.149

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Further, the extra mineral mass was distributed somewhat uniformly across bone cross sections, increasing bone strength in all directions. In contrast, long‐term exercise seems to increase bone mineral mass in the anteroposterior axis of a body weight–loaded bone but not on the mediolateral axis 31. Our findings thus support the view that estrogen and loading have independent effects on bone 32…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins

Mikkola

Heinonen

Kovanen

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Although postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is known to prevent fractures, knowledge on the influence of long-term HRT on bone strength and its determinants other than areal bone mineral density is scarce. This study used a genetically controlled design with 24 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 54 to 72 years in which one cotwin was using HRT (mean duration 8 years) and the other had never used HRT. Estimated bone strength, cross-sectional area, volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral mass, and cross-sectional density and mass distributions were assessed in the tibial shaft, distal tibia, and distal radius with peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). In the tibial shaft, HRT users had 9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3%-15%] higher estimated bending strength than their nonusing cotwins. Larger cortical area and higher cortical bone mineral density accounted for this difference. The cortex was larger in the HRT users in the endocortical region. In the distal tibia, estimated compressive strength was 24% (95% CI 9%-40%) higher and in the distal radius 26% (95% CI 11%-41%) higher in the HRT users than in their nonusing cotwins owing to higher volumetric bone mineral density. No difference between users and nonusers was observed in total bone cross-sectional area in any measured bone site. The added mineral mass in the HRT users was distributed evenly within and between bone sites. In postmenopausal women, long-term HRT preserves estimated bone strength systemically by preventing bone mineral loss similarly in body weight-loaded and non-weightloaded bone. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins

Mikkola

Heinonen

Kovanen

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…Although the tibia is a common stress fracture site in athletes, tibial diaphysis strength has been ignored in previous pQCT research involving amenorrheic and eumenorrheic athletes. In a monozygotic twin study, it was found that regular physical activity resulted in an increase in BMD in the epiphysis of the tibia only . This is similar to the larger BMD in the epiphysis, but not diaphysis, in the athletes than controls in our study and supports the notion that bone adaptations to exercise may be site‐specific .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The strength of weight‐bearing bones is similar in amenorrheic and eumenorrheic elite long‐distance runners

Piasecki

Ireland

Piasecki

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…Also, as the trends between active and inactive co-twins usually were rather similar among DZ and MZ pairs, our findings seem not to be explained by sequence level genetic differences between co-twins. The carefully documented discordance in physical activity between co-twins was further confirmed by the differences in the co-twins tibial bone properties [30]. Related to the gene expression studies lack of protein-level analyses is a limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Differences in Muscle and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in the Members of Physical Activity Discordant Twin Pairs

et al. 2010

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High physical activity/aerobic fitness predicts low morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to identify the most up-regulated gene sets related to long-term physical activity vs. inactivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues and to obtain further information about their link with cardio-metabolic risk factors. We studied ten same-sex twin pairs (age range 50–74 years) who had been discordant for leisure-time physical activity for 30 years. The examinations included biopsies from m. vastus lateralis and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. RNA was analyzed with the genome-wide Illumina Human WG-6 v3.0 Expression BeadChip. For pathway analysis we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis utilizing active vs. inactive co-twin gene expression ratios. Our findings showed that among the physically active members of twin pairs, as compared to their inactive co-twins, gene expression in the muscle tissue samples was chronically up-regulated for the central pathways related to energy metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism and supportive metabolic pathways. Up-regulation of these pathways was associated in particular with aerobic fitness and high HDL cholesterol levels. In fat tissue we found physical activity-associated increases in the expression of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and branched-chain amino acid degradation gene sets both of which associated with decreased ‘high-risk’ ectopic body fat and plasma glucose levels. Consistent with other findings, plasma lipidomics analysis showed up-regulation of the triacylglycerols containing the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings identified skeletal muscle and fat tissue pathways which are associated with the long-term physical activity and reduced cardio-metabolic disease risk, including increased aerobic fitness. In particular, improved skeletal muscle oxidative energy and lipid metabolism as well as changes in adipocyte function and redistribution of body fat are associated with reduced cardio-metabolic risk.

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Long-term leisure time physical activity and properties of bone: A twin study

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins

Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins

The strength of weight‐bearing bones is similar in amenorrheic and eumenorrheic elite long‐distance runners

Differences in Muscle and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in the Members of Physical Activity Discordant Twin Pairs

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