Long-Term Management Affects the Community Composition of Arable Soil Seedbanks

Rotchés‐Ribalta, Roser; Armengot, Laura; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen; Sans, F. Xavier

doi:10.1614/ws-d-16-00072.1

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Weed infestation in the DOK trial in 2013 was considerably higher in the bio-organic than in the conventional maize plots (Supplementary Figure S1 ), which is in accordance with previous findings ( Mäder et al, 2002 ; Rotchés-Ribalta et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, when nutrients are scarce, weeds are more competitive below ground than domesticated plants that are adapted to high-resource systems ( Blackshaw et al, 2004 ; Kiær et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, organic yields are typically lower by 20–25% than conventional yields ( Seufert et al, 2012 ; Niggli et al, 2016 ) while below ground crop biomass does not seem to differ significantly between farming systems ( Chirinda et al, 2012 ; Taghizadeh-Toosi et al, 2016 ). Additionally, above and below ground plant material can also originate from weed which is usually more abundant in organic than in conventional systems ( Hawes et al, 2010 ; Rotchés-Ribalta et al, 2016 ). Management also determines the quality and fate of these inputs in soil ( Kong et al, 2005 ; Leifeld and Fuhrer, 2010 ; Gattinger et al, 2012 ) as higher stability of organic soil amendments ( Romanyà et al, 2012 ) and less readily available mineral nitrogen ( Khan et al, 2007 ; Cai et al, 2015 ) may entail lower decomposition rates in organic than in conventional soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overestimation of Crop Root Biomass in Field Experiments Due to Extraneous Organic Matter

et al. 2017

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Root biomass is one of the most relevant root parameters for studies of plant response to environmental change, soil carbon modeling or estimations of soil carbon sequestration. A major source of error in root biomass quantification of agricultural crops in the field is the presence of extraneous organic matter in soil: dead roots from previous crops, weed roots, incorporated above ground plant residues and organic soil amendments, or remnants of soil fauna. Using the isotopic difference between recent maize root biomass and predominantly C3-derived extraneous organic matter, we determined the proportions of maize root biomass carbon of total carbon in root samples from the Swiss long-term field trial “DOK.” We additionally evaluated the effects of agricultural management (bio-organic and conventional), sampling depth (0–0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–0.75 m) and position (within and between maize rows), and root size class (coarse and fine roots) as defined by sieve mesh size (2 and 0.5 mm) on those proportions, and quantified the success rate of manual exclusion of extraneous organic matter from root samples. Only 60% of the root mass that we retrieved from field soil cores was actual maize root biomass from the current season. While the proportions of maize root biomass carbon were not affected by agricultural management, they increased consistently with soil depth, were higher within than between maize rows, and were higher in coarse (>2 mm) than in fine (≤2 and >0.5) root samples. The success rate of manual exclusion of extraneous organic matter from root samples was related to agricultural management and, at best, about 60%. We assume that the composition of extraneous organic matter is strongly influenced by agricultural management and soil depth and governs the effect size of the investigated factors. Extraneous organic matter may result in severe overestimation of recovered root biomass and has, therefore, large implications for soil carbon modeling and estimations of the climate change mitigation potential of soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overestimation of Crop Root Biomass in Field Experiments Due to Extraneous Organic Matter

et al. 2017

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“…The study indicates that the cropping systems had a significant impact on the abundance of the major weed species and the composition of the weed assembly, confirming the results of prior studies on a range of cropping and management systems (Menalled et al , 2001; Moonen and Bàrberi, 2004; Barroso et al , 2015; Ruisi et al , 2015; Rotchés‐Ribalta et al , 2017). The total number of emerged seedlings (which was a likely index of the total seedbank) was influenced by the presence of relatively few, very abundant species, while seemingly being not affected by the number of recorded species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Crop rotations usually have cumulative effects on soil properties and biotic communities co‐existing with crops, and their effects are best evaluated by long‐term trials (Ruisi et al , 2015). Data based on the weed seedbank are a powerful resource to assess positive or negative effects of alternative cropping systems on weeds in the long run, in that the weed seedbank represents at the same time the track of the past soil and crop management and an indicator of possible future weed problems (Bàrberi et al , 1998; Rotchés‐Ribalta et al , 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seedling emergence in contrasting fodder crop systems following 30 years of cultivation in the lowlands of Northern Italy

Borrelli¹,

Pecetti²

2020

Weed Research

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Five fodder crop systems of different intensity (ranging from a double annual crop of Italian ryegrass + silage maize to a permanent meadow) were adopted for 30 years in the lowlands of Northern Italy under two input levels, differing mainly in their provision of organic fertiliser (manure). Herbicides were used in the maize crops included in all systems, except the meadow. After 30 years, the weed seedbank of all systems and input levels were assessed by the seedling emergence technique on soil samples from each plot. The cropping systems determined the abundance and composition of the weed assembly. Relatively few, frequent species made up the majority of the emerged seedlings in all systems, and there was no relationship between the total number of emerged seedlings and the mean number of species recorded in the different systems. Arabidopsis thaliana and Oxalis corniculata were abundant in the annual double crop and in the 3‐ and 6‐year rotations that also comprised the annual double crop. These weeds, however, were unlikely to represent a major threat to the crops, due to their vigour and growth period. The permanent meadow tended to greater weed biodiversity than the other systems. The application of manure favoured the seedbank of species such as Lolium multiflorum, Digitaria sanguinalis and A. thaliana. Weed communities in the different systems were mainly determined by herbicide application, (through the ability of weeds to avoid its effects, determined by the weed life history and emergence period) and manure application (with its possible dual effect of spreading weed seeds and favouring nitrogen‐responsive weeds).

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“…Overall, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index indicated that ORG systems had the highest species diversity, and they were different from RED and HIGH systems (Figure 4C). Similarly, other studies also found that species diversity in organic systems was greater compared with conventional systems (Rotchés-Ribalta et al 2017; Ryan et al 2010). Both the HIGH and RED systems had similar diversity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Understanding the Long-Term Weed Community Dynamics in Organic and Conventional Crop Rotations Using the Principal Response Curve Method

2019

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Weeds have acquired evolutionary adaptations to the diverse crop and weed management strategies used in cropping systems. Therefore, changes in crop production practices such as conventional to organic systems, tillage-based to no-till systems, and diversity in crop rotations can result in differences in weed community composition that have management implications. A study was carried out to understand the weed community dynamics in a long-term alternative cropping systems study at Scott, SK, Canada. Long-term (18-yr) weed community composition data in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in ORG (organic), RED (reduced-input, no-till), and HIGH (high-input, conventional tillage) systems with three levels of crop rotation diversity, LOW (low diversity), DAG (diversified annual grains), and DAP (diversified annuals and perennials), were used to study the effect of different cropping systems and the effect of environment (random temporal effects) on residual weed community composition using the principal response curve (PRC) technique. The interaction between cropping systems and year-to-year random environmental changes was found to be the predominant factor causing fluctuations in weed community composition. Furthermore, the single most predominant factor influencing the weed composition was year-to-year random changes. Organic systems clearly differed from the two conventional systems in most years and had more diverse weed communities compared with the two conventional systems. The two conventional systems exhibited similar weed composition in most years. In this study, the use of the PRC method allowed capture of the real temporal dynamics reflected in the cropping systems by time interaction. This study further concludes that moving from a tillage-based, high-input conventional system to a no-till, reduced-input system did not cause significant changes in the weed community composition throughout the time period, but diversity in organic systems was high, probably due to increased occurrence of some difficult to control species.

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Long-Term Management Affects the Community Composition of Arable Soil Seedbanks

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Overestimation of Crop Root Biomass in Field Experiments Due to Extraneous Organic Matter

Overestimation of Crop Root Biomass in Field Experiments Due to Extraneous Organic Matter

Weed seedling emergence in contrasting fodder crop systems following 30 years of cultivation in the lowlands of Northern Italy

Understanding the Long-Term Weed Community Dynamics in Organic and Conventional Crop Rotations Using the Principal Response Curve Method

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