Long-term measurements of atmospheric PM2.5 and its chemical composition in rural Korea

Han, Yong; Kim, Seong-Rak; Jung, Jin-Hee

doi:10.1007/s10874-012-9225-6

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In general, SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + were the major components of water-soluble ions,similar to the researchs in other cities [20][21][22]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Concentration Of Water-soluble Ionssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Chen

Ning

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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A low-vol sampler was used to collect PM 2.5 samples for half-year in three sampling sites, including industrial park (A1), school (A2), factory (A3) in Shihezi, China. The result showed that the high levels of Na + and K + were likely originate from burning Zhundong coal. In general, the atmospheric aerosol of A1, A2 and A3 was alkaline. Most of the OC (organic carbon)/EC (element carbon) values were greater than 2.2, which indicated that there was significant secondary pollution. In the carbon component analysis, the values of OC1, EC2 and EC3 were significantly lower than OC2, OC3, OC4 and EC1. In addition, OC2 accounts for the largest proportion of OC. Combined with the source analysis of water-soluble ions, carbon component and HYSPLIT Trajectory Model, the main sources of Shihezi were local coal-fired emissions, road dust and car exhaust, and pollutants transmitted from western cities. This study provides a basis for investigating the pollution sources of PM 2.5 and the influence of Zhundong coal combustion in Shihezi in the future.

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“…In general, SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + were the major components of water-soluble ions,similar to the researchs in other cities [20][21][22]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Concentration Of Water-soluble Ionssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Chen

Ning

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…would remain high due to meteorological conditions facilitating the accumulation and conversion of 277 air pollutants. Previous studies for measurements of PM2.5 and its chemical components in the SMA 278 also showed the highest nitrate concentrations in spring and winter [4,16,35]. At the same time, nitrate 279 concentrations were generally highest in winter and autumn in observational studies conducted in 280…”

Section: Seasonal Changesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Long-Range Transport Influence on Key Chemical Components of PM2.5 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea, during the Years 2012–2016

Bae

Kim

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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This study identified the key chemical components based on an analysis of the seasonal variations of ground level PM 2.5 concentrations and its major chemical constituents (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, and elemental carbon) in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), over a period of five years, ranging from 2012 to 2016. It was found that the mean PM 2.5 concentration in the SMA was 33.7 µg/m 3 , while inorganic ions accounted for 53% of the total mass concentration. The component ratio of inorganic ions increased by up to 61%-63% as the daily mean PM 2.5 concentration increased. In spring, nitrate was the dominant component of PM 2.5 , accounting for 17%-32% of the monthly mean PM 2.5 concentrations. In order to quantify the impact of long-range transport on the SMA PM 2.5 , a set of sensitivity simulations with the community multiscale air-quality model was performed. Results show that the annual averaged impact of Chinese emissions on SMA PM 2.5 concentrations ranged from 41% to 44% during the five years. Chinese emissions' impact on SMA nitrate ranged from 50% (winter) to 67% (spring). This result exhibits that reductions in SO 2 and NO X emissions are crucial to alleviate the PM 2.5 concentration. It is expected that NO X emission reduction efforts in China will help decrease PM 2.5 concentrations in the SMA.

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“…In 2015, they introduced a standard on PM 2.5 , and, due to its recent implementation, the historical trends of PM 2.5 are not well established. Han et al (2011) suggests that, prior to 2005, PM 2.5 annual averages either increased or remained constant in rural Chuncheon, South Korea. However, there has been a gradual decrease in the annual averages in Seoul since 2005, although the decreases have not been continuous (Ahmed et al, 2015;Ghim et al, 2015;Lee, 2014).…”

Section: Study Area and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

Lennartson

Wang

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Spatial distribution of diurnal variations of aerosol properties in South Korea, both long term and short term, is studied by using 9 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sites from 1999 to 2017 and an additional 10 sites during the KORUS-AQ (Korea–United States Air Quality) field campaign in May and June of 2016. The extent to which the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry) model and the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) satellite retrieval can describe these variations is also analyzed. On a daily average, aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm is 0.386 and shows a diurnal variation of 20 to −30 % in inland sites, which is larger than the AOD of 0.308 and diurnal variation of ±20 % seen in coastal sites. For all the inland and coastal sites, AERONET, GOCI, and WRF-Chem, and observed PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) data generally show dual peaks for both AOD and PM2.5, one in the morning (often at ∼08:00–10:00 KST, Korea Standard Time, especially for PM2.5) and another in the early afternoon (∼14:00 KST, albeit for PM2.5 this peak is smaller and sometimes insignificant). In contrast, Ångström exponent values in all sites are between 1.2 and 1.4 with the exception of the inland rural sites having smaller values near 1.0 during the early morning hours. All inland sites experience a pronounced increase in the Ångström exponent from morning to evening, reflecting an overall decrease in particle size in daytime. To statistically obtain the climatology of diurnal variation of AOD, a minimum requirement of ∼2 years of observation is needed in coastal rural sites, twice as long as that required for the urban sites, which suggests that the diurnal variation of AOD in an urban setting is more distinct and persistent. While Korean GOCI satellite retrievals are able to consistently capture the diurnal variation of AOD (although it has a systematically low bias of 0.04 on average and up to 0.09 in later afternoon hours), WRF-Chem clearly has a deficiency in describing the relative change of peaks and variations between the morning and afternoon, suggesting further studies for the diurnal profile of emissions. Furthermore, the ratio between PM2.5 and AOD in WRF-Chem is persistently larger than the observed counterparts by 30 %–50 % in different sites, but spatially no consistent diurnal variation pattern of this ratio can be found. Overall, the relatively small diurnal variation of PM2.5 is in high contrast with large AOD diurnal variation, which suggests the large diurnal variation of AOD–PM2.5 relationships (with the PM2.5 ∕ AOD ratio being largest in the early morning, decreasing around noon, and increasing in late afternoon) and, therefore, the need to use AOD from geostationary satellites to constrain either modeling or estimate of surface PM2.5 for air quality application.

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Long-term measurements of atmospheric PM2.5 and its chemical composition in rural Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Long-Range Transport Influence on Key Chemical Components of PM2.5 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea, during the Years 2012–2016

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

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Long-term measurements of atmospheric PM2.5 and its chemical composition in rural Korea

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Characteristics and sources analysis of PM2.5 in a major industrial city of northern Xinjiang, China

Long-Range Transport Influence on Key Chemical Components of PM2.5 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea, during the Years 2012–2016

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

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Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model