Long-term monitoring of drug consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in a small-sized community in Brazil through wastewater-based epidemiology

Hahn, Roberta Zilles; Bastiani, Marcos Frank; Lizot, Lilian de Lima Feltraco; Schneider, Anelise; Moreira, Isabela Caroline da Silva; Meireles, Yasmin Fazenda; Viana, Mariana Freitas; Nascimento, Carlos Augusto do; Linden, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134907

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Quanto ao uso de drogas, medicamentos e substâncias biológicas não especificadas durante a pandemia, em estudo brasileiro, Hahn et al (2022) estimaram o consumo de anfetamina, cocaína, MDMA, metanfetamina, nicotina e THC por meio da análise da concentração de biomarcadores em efluentes coletados em estações de tratamento (HAHN et al, 2022). A pesquisa foi realizada em Novo Hamburgo-RS no período de março de 2020 a março de 2021.…”

Section: Artigos Originaisunclassified

“…Como resultado, foi atestado diminuição no consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 (HAHN et al, 2022). Segundo Hahn et al (2022), isso se deve a redução ao acesso pelo isolamento social, diminuição do fornecimento e menor renda da população atrelada ao desemprego (HAHN et al, 2022). Em outros países, porém, diferentes análises foram obtidas.…”

Section: Artigos Originaisunclassified

“…Em crises públicas econômicas e de saúde, propõe-se dois cenários coexistentes. O observado por Hahn et al (2022) é um deles. Além do menor consumo pela menor oferta e restrições financeiras, existe também um dicotômico aumento de ingestão, mais restrito à parcela que se encontra em estado de sofrimento e labilidade emocional (ROBERTS et al, 2021).…”

Section: Artigos Originaisunclassified

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Causas Múltiplas De Óbitos Relacionados Às Lesões Autoprovocadas E a Pandemia De Covid-19

Armelin

Machado²

2023

Rev. Interfaces

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RESUMO RESUMOA pandemia de COVID-19 gerou e amplificou, simultaneamente, crises pessoais, sociais, médicas, políticas e econômicas, gerando impactos de saúde indiretos na população, como psicopatologias. Nesse contexto, é sugerido maior risco de comportamentos suicidas por indivíduos vulneráveis. A fim de melhor compreender este novo cenário de morbimortalidade, este estudo foi realizado por meio de dados disponíveis no Datasus. Foram utilizadas causas múltiplas de morte relacionadas às lesões autoprovocadas. Comparou-se as notificações de óbito do grupo CID-10 X60-X84, correspondente às lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente, no ano de 2020 com a média das notificações nos cinco anos anteriores à pandemia (2015-2019). Como resultados principais, obteve-se aumento das notificações por "autointoxicação por e exposição, intencional, a outras drogas, medicamentos e substâncias biológicas e às não especificadas" e "lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente por enforcamento, estrangulamento e sufocação"; diminuição das "lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente por precipitação de um lugar elevado" e manutenção da "autointoxicação voluntária por álcool" como a causa com notificações mais proporcionais enquanto "causa básica" e "menções diagnósticas". Os dados mostram que a pandemia modificou o padrão de mortes autoprovocadas. Além disso, contribuem na estruturação literária sobre a temática das lesões autoprovocadas.

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Causas Múltiplas De Óbitos Relacionados Às Lesões Autoprovocadas E a Pandemia De Covid-19

Armelin

Machado²

2023

Rev. Interfaces

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“…However, this approach cannot monitor rapid changes in drug use [ 1 , 7 ], in addition to being expensive and time-consuming and potentially underestimating actual consumption levels due to social taboos [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 ]. A complementary tool that has become consolidated globally is wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), involving the quantification of chemical or biological markers, such as illicit drugs and/or their stable metabolites, from the analysis of untreated wastewater containing these substances excreted from the human body in urine and feces [ 3 , 9 , 10 , 16 ]. The application of WBE for drug detection allows the estimation of short- and long-term consumption levels, with the advantages of being a faster, direct (almost real-time), noninvasive, accurate, and less laborious tool, compared to the use of population surveys [ 1 , 3 , 8 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of WBE for drug detection allows the estimation of short- and long-term consumption levels, with the advantages of being a faster, direct (almost real-time), noninvasive, accurate, and less laborious tool, compared to the use of population surveys [ 1 , 3 , 8 , 11 ]. It is possible to investigate temporal trends of drug use by the community [ 3 , 16 ] and in educational institutions [ 17 ], the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) [ 18 , 19 ], the influence of weekends and national holidays [ 20 ], festive events [ 6 , 20 ], seasons [ 1 , 9 ], and music events [ 12 , 21 ], and the impact of social isolation measures imposed due to crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic [ 5 , 10 , 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and challenges in analytical chemistry for multi-analysis of illicit drugs employing wastewater-based epidemiology

2023

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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for quantification of illicit drug biomarkers (IDBs) in wastewater samples is an effective tool that can provide information about drug consumption. The most commonly quantified IDBs belong to different chemical classes, including cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids, and cannabinoids, so the different chemical properties of these molecules pose a challenge in the development of analytical methods for multi-analyte analysis. Recent workflows include the steps of sampling and storage, sample preparation using solid-phase extraction (SPE) or without extraction, and quantification of analytes employing gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The greatest difficulty is due to the fact that wastewater samples are complex chemical mixtures containing analytes with different chemical properties, often present at low concentrations. Therefore, in the development of analytical methods, there is the need to simplify and optimize the analytical workflows, reducing associated uncertainties, analysis times, and costs. The present work provides a critical bibliographic survey of studies published from the year 2020 until now, highlighting the challenges and trends of published analytical workflows for the multi-analysis of IDBs in wastewater samples, considering sampling and sample preparation, method validation, and analytical techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04644-4.

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Wastewater surveillance to assess cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine use trends during a major music festival in Brazil

Gomes,

de Jesus Soares Freire,

de Souza Ramos Pontes Moura

et al. 2024

Drug Testing and Analysis

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This study employed the wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) strategy to investigate cocaine (COC) and ecstasy (MDMA) usage during Carnatal festival in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Wastewater samples were collected over the four festival days (December 12–15, 2019), as well as during corresponding days before and after the event. The samples underwent filtration, acidification, solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for pre‐concentration, and analysis using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) with calibration using deuterated internal standards. The measured concentration ranges in the wastewater samples were as follows: benzoylecgonine (BE, a metabolite of COC use) ranged from 760 ± 30 to 8914 ± 252 ng/L, COC (non‐metabolized or directly discharged) ranged from 1182 ± 25 to 6,760 ± 95 ng/L, cocaethylene (COE, a metabolite of alcohol‐COC use) ranged from 21 ± 10 to 161 ± 10 ng/L, and MDMA (ecstasy) ranged from 18 ± 5 to 613 ± 15 ng/L. Daily wastewater loads were estimated as 0.81 ± 0.03 to 11.69 ± 0.33 g/day for BE, 1.42 ± 0.03 to 8.06 ± 0.11 g/day for COC, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.21 ± 0.01 g/day for COE, and 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.80 ± 0.02 g/day for MDMA. Notably, COE and MDMA were only detected above the quantification limit during the festival days. The data enable estimating that COC consumption doubled during the event days. The COC/BE ratio indicated likely drug disposals on the event's last day and the subsequent week. The study's findings shed light on illicit substance consumption, assisting in public health programs and combating drug trafficking efforts.

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Long-term monitoring of drug consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in a small-sized community in Brazil through wastewater-based epidemiology

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Causas Múltiplas De Óbitos Relacionados Às Lesões Autoprovocadas E a Pandemia De Covid-19

Causas Múltiplas De Óbitos Relacionados Às Lesões Autoprovocadas E a Pandemia De Covid-19

Trends and challenges in analytical chemistry for multi-analysis of illicit drugs employing wastewater-based epidemiology

Wastewater surveillance to assess cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine use trends during a major music festival in Brazil

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