Long-term organic farming on a citrus plantation results in soil organic carbon recovery

Abstract

La agricultura ecológica a largo plazo en plantaciones de cítricos permite la recuperación del carbono orgánico del suelo RESUMEN:Se ha demostrado que el manejo del suelo bajo agricultura ecológica puede aumentar el contenido de carbono orgánico en el suelo moderando el incremento de los gases de efecto invernadero, pero hasta la fecha las evaluaciones cuantitativas basadas en mediciones a largo plazo han sido escasas, especialmente bajo condiciones mediterráneas. En esta investigación se examinaron los cambios en el contenido de carbono orgánico como respuesta a la agricultura ecológica con cobertura vegetal en una plantación de cítricos en el área mediterránea, utilizando una base de datos de 21 años. El incremento de contenido de carbono orgánico en el suelo fue más evidente tras cinco años desde el cambio del manejo del suelo, sugiriendo que, para plantaciones de cítricos en ambientes mediterráneos, los estudios deberían tener una duración superior a cinco años. La sata de secuestro de carbono orgánico no cambió significativamente durante los 21 años de observaciones, con valores que oscilaron entre -1.10 Mg C ha -1 a -1 y 1.89 Mg C ha -1 a -1 . Tras 21 años, un total de 61 t CO 2 ha -1 fueron secuestradas en las áreas de acumulación de carbono en el suelo. Estos resultados demuestran que la agricultura ecológica es una estrategia efectiva para restaurar o incrementar los niveles de carbono orgánico en el suelo en los sistemas de cítricos mediterráneos.

Impact of Nutritional Management on Available Mineral Nitrogen and Soil Quality Properties in Coffee Agroecosystems

“…These findings were consistent with [28], which found a lower pH and higher soil organic carbon in OM as compared to CM in coffee farming. In the same way, these findings were consistent with [29], which found a positive effect of OM in the increase of SOC content by 53%, in soil depths of 17-18 cm, over 21 years. The lower value of pH in MM may be attributed to the use of chemical fertilizers and the input of organic matter, considering that the chemical fertilizers contain ammonia compounds (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, etc.)…”

Revolution 4.0: Industry vs. Agriculture in a Future Development for SMEs

“…In this sense, the 4.0 revolution should include not only technological innovation but also environmental issues [121,122]. In this sense, United Nations objectives include economic sectors as both responsible and useful actors for sustainable development [123]. Therefore, natural resources, e.g., soil, in the primary sector must be treated in accordance with sustainability criteria in order to advance towards increasingly sophisticated technological development [124][125][126][127].…”

“…The 4.0 revolution in agriculture is still limited to rare pioneering firms. For this reason, this work suggests to policy makers and decision makers to invest on technological progress and offer to all the economic sectors (e.g., industry and agriculture) different ways to promote innovative and even sustainable development following United Nation Sustainable goals [123]. In such a background, Industry or Agriculture 4.0 can offer numerous advantages for large enterprises, while SMEs often face difficulties.…”

Road Network and the Spatial Distribution of Wildfires in the Valencian Community (1993–2015)

“…Future research may allow a better understanding of spatial regimes of wildfires contributing to a more effective management of fragile areas. Further studies should specifically focus on intrinsic changes in the carbon cycle [93], the role of soils in the earth cycles [94] and the soil erosion cycle [95]. Additionally, most research carried out on forest fires has investigated plant composition, soil properties, soil erosion and runoff generation, and the restoration of soil and vegetation cover after fire [96][97][98][99][100][101].…”