Long-Term Persistence of Bhc, DDT and Chlordane in a Sandy Loam Soil

Stewart, D. K. R.; Chisholm, D.

doi:10.4141/cjss71-051

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…was recovered 22 weeks after its application in all the plots under different managements: STEWART and CHILSOM (1971) found that 7.5% of the technical BHC(=HCH) applied to upland fields in 1950-1953 remained in the soil even in 1968.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, many reports have been published on the persistence of this compound (YULE et aL 1967;YOSHIDA and CASTRO 1970;GUENZI et al 1971;STEWART and CHILSOM 1971;LICHTENSTEIN et aL 1971;MATHUR and SAHA 1975). It is now generally recognized that the decomposition rate of y-HCH is very slow in upland soils but relatively rapid in submerged and reduced soils.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid degradation of γ-HCH in upland soil after multiple applications

Wada

Senoo

Takai

1989

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid degradation of γ-HCH in upland soil after multiple applications

Wada

Senoo

Takai

1989

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Published half-lives for Lindane in soil range from 4 to 6 weeks (Johri et al 1996) or 120 days (Bintein & Devillers 1996), to 260 days (Jury et al 1983) to 2 years (Johri et al 1996), depending on the method of application and application rate, as well as initial concentrations, soil differences and environmental conditions. HCH isomers, applied to field plots as a mixture of pesticide, can persist for as long as 15 years after the last application (Stewart & Chisholm 1971).…”

Section: Physical Properties and Persistence Of Hchsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by microorganisms

Seech²,

et al. 2005

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The organochlorine pesticide Lindane is the gamma-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Technical grade Lindane contains a mixture of HCH isomers which include not only gamma-HCH, but also large amounts of predominantly alpha-, beta- and delta-HCH. The physical properties and persistence of each isomer differ because of the different chlorine atom orientations on each molecule (axial or equatorial). However, all four isomers are considered toxic and recalcitrant worldwide pollutants. Biodegradation of HCH has been studied in soil, slurry and culture media but very little information exists on in situ bioremediation of the different isomers including Lindane itself, at full scale. Several soil microorganisms capable of degrading, and utilizing HCH as a carbon source, have been reported. In selected bacterial strains, the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the initial degradation of Lindane have been cloned, sequenced, expressed and the gene products characterized. HCH is biodegradable under both oxic and anoxic conditions, although mineralization is generally observed only in oxic systems. As is found for most organic compounds, HCH degradation in soil occurs at moderate temperatures and at near neutral pH. HCH biodegradation in soil has been reported at both low and high (saturated) moisture contents. Soil texture and organic matter appear to influence degradation presumably by sorption mechanisms and impact on moisture retention, bacterial growth and pH. Most studies report on the biodegradation of relatively low (< 500 mg/kg) concentrations of HCH in soil. Information on the effects of inorganic nutrients, organic carbon sources or other soil amendments is scattered and inconclusive. More in-depth assessments of amendment effects and evaluation of bioremediation protocols, on a large scale, using soil with high HCH concentrations, are needed.

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“…In temperate climates, the half-life of DDT in soil has been reported to range from 2.3 to 16.7 years (Lichtenstein and Schultz 1959 ;Racke et al 1997 ;Stewart and Chisholm 1971 ).…”

Section: Levels In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, these soils seem to exhibit a downward trend in DDT concentrations over time, which is expected given a DDT half-life of less than Sources : Unpublished technical report provided by the SARWQCB (1985); unpublished technical reports provided by The Irvine Company (1985Company ( -2006; no data were available for shaded areas and for entries noted with '--' J.L. Byard et al 55 20 years (Lichtenstein and Schultz 1959 ;Racke et al 1997 ;Stewart and Chisholm 1971 ) and the fact that DDT use was discontinued in the early 1970s. However, the data reported in Table 1 were not sampled from soils at the same locations.…”

Section: Agricultural Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%