Long-term pervaporation performance of microporous methylated silica membranesElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: details of the sol synthesis; GPC and NMR measurements; and additional SEM micrographs. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b401496k/

Campaniello, Jean; Engelen, C.W.R.; Haije, W.G.; Pex, P.P.A.C.; Vente, Jaap F.

doi:10.1039/b401496k

Cited by 98 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In all automated runs one reference experiment was included. As reference experiment a mixture of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was prepared in each run of 16 experiments, using a previously reported procedure [2]. While the reactor was cooled at 0°C, TEOS in ethanol (1.651 mL; 3.94 M), H 2 O in ethanol (1.333 mL; 31.2 M), and HNO 3 (0.266 ml; 2.08 M) were added subsequently to give a total volume of 3.250 mL.…”

Section: Procedures For Automated Sol Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on long-term dewatering measurements on this membrane material, the lifetime of MeSi proved to be much longer than that of inorganic silica. However, the application temperature of MeSi under these hydrothermal conditions is still limited to 95°C [2]. At higher temperatures the membranes degraded within 20-40 days of operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the hydrothermal stability of inorganic silica is too low for industrial membrane applications [2]. As an example, inorganic silica membranes degrade within several days of operation in the dewatering of alcohols at industrially relevant temperatures of 70°C and above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the exact mechanism of the densification, also the solubility of fragments can be reduced. One of the ways to achieve this is to incorporate organic side chains in the silica network, as in methylated silica (MeSi) [2,3]. It was proposed that a decreased water adsorption lowers the probability of siloxane hydrolysis in this material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of hybrid silica sols for stable microporous membranes using high-throughput screening

Kreiter

Rietkerk

Castricum

et al. 2010

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Microporous membranes are a promising option for energy-efficient molecular separations. Longterm hydrothermal stability of the membrane material is of prime importance for several industrial processes. Here, a short overview of silica-based membrane materials and their hydrothermal stability is presented. Following this, the development of a series of organic-inorganic hybrid silica sols is described, based on a,x-bis(triethoxysilyl)-precursors with bridging methane, ethane, propane, and benzene groups. High-throughput screening was used to scan a range of sol parameters, followed by membrane preparation from the most promising sols. These organicinorganic hybrid silica (HybSi Ò ) membranes were used in dewatering of lower alcohols by pervaporation. Separation factors up to 200 were found for ethanol/water mixtures, and up to 23 for methanol/water mixtures. Modest permselectivity values for hydrogen over nitrogen were found, ranging up to 20.7 for the shortest bridging group. It was concluded that the length of the organic bridge has a clear effect on the pore size distribution and the selectivity of the membrane.

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Section: Procedures For Automated Sol Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of hybrid silica sols for stable microporous membranes using high-throughput screening

Kreiter

Rietkerk

Castricum

et al. 2010

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…Replacement of hydroxyl groups by hydrolytically stable groups with a hydrophobic character such as CH 3 groups can inhibit the adsorption of water more effectively. One approach is to build in this organic functionality by in situ hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxide precursors with hydrophobic side groups, such as organoalkoxysilanes or bridged R e v i e w C o p y 3 silsesquioxanes [3][4][5]. However, reproduction of such sol-gel derived materials involves full control over all preparation parameters and is consequently generally difficult to achieve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the hydrothermal stability of mesoporous SiO2 with methylchlorosilanes—a ‘structural’ study

Castricum

Mittelmeijer‐Hazeleger

Sah

et al. 2006

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Increasing the hydrothermal stability of mesoporous SiO2 with methylchlorosilanes -a structural study Castricum, H.L.; Mittelmeijer-Hazeleger, M.C.; Sah, A.; ten Elshof, J.E. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Both silanes lead to lower surface polarity and increased hydrothermal stability, i.e., preservation of the porous structure during exposure to water. As DMDCS reacts more extensively, this agent would be recommended for ceramics with pore

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Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Membranes

Kanezashi

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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In this article, sol–gel‐derived silica membranes are reviewed in terms of the control of silica network size and hydrothermal stability, which are the most important issues for the practical, industrial application of amorphous silica membranes. For control of the silica network size, “organic template” and “spacer” methods have been introduced. Bridged alkoxides with organic groups between two Si atoms can be used for the control of silica network size via the “spacer” method. The pore size distribution, as determined by single‐gas permeation and normalized Knudsen‐based permeance (NKP), suggests the following order for average pore sizes owing to differences in the minimum units of the silica precursor: bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTESE)‐derived silica (Si−C−C−Si unit) > bis(triethoxysilyl) methane (BTESM)‐derived silica (Si−C−Si unit) > tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)‐derived silica (≡Si−O). For hydrothermal stability of amorphous silica membranes at high temperatures, metal‐doped silica membranes have been introduced, particularly Ni‐ and Co‐doped silica membranes that have superior hydrothermal stability and hydrogen permeation performance. For example, Ni‐doped silica membranes showed a H 2 permeance above 1.0 × 10 −7 mol/(m 2 s Pa) with a H 2 /N 2 permselectivity of more than several hundred after exposure to a steamed atmosphere (500 °C, partial pressure of steam: 400 kPa). Doped metals may exist as metal ions, as covalently bound compounds, or as tiny crystals dispersed in amorphous silica networks, and one possible mechanism by which they prevent the densification of silica networks is that they increase in stability under hydrothermal conditions. Also, in this article, we summarize recent progress in metal‐doped silica membranes, such as Nb−SiO 2 and Pd−SiO 2 , which have shown unique gas permeation properties.

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Long-term pervaporation performance of microporous methylated silica membranesElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: details of the sol synthesis; GPC and NMR measurements; and additional SEM micrographs. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b401496k/

Cited by 98 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of hybrid silica sols for stable microporous membranes using high-throughput screening

Evaluation of hybrid silica sols for stable microporous membranes using high-throughput screening

Increasing the hydrothermal stability of mesoporous SiO2 with methylchlorosilanes—a ‘structural’ study

Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Membranes

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