Long-term prevalence of NIRF-labeled magnetic nanoparticles for the diagnostic and intraoperative imaging of inflammation

Abstract

Inflammation is a very common disease worldwide. In severe cases, surgery is often the method of choice. Today, there is a general need for the implementation of image-based guidance methodologies for reliable target resection. We investigated new near infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-nanoparticles (NPs) as a simple but effective bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical contrast agent for diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of inflammation. Physicochemical analysis revealed that these NPs were highly fluorescent with similar characteristics like unlabeled NPs (hydrodynamic diameter about 130 nm and zeta potential about −10 mV). NP-uptake and NIR-dye labeling was biocompatible to macrophages (no impact on cellular ATP and reactive oxygen species production). These cells could successfully be tracked with MRI and NIRF-optical imaging. I.v. injection of fluorescent NPs into mice led to highly specific T2-weighted signal of edema due to uptake by phagocytic cells and subsequent migration to the site of inflammation. NIRF signals of the edema region were well detectable for up to 4 weeks, underlining the potential of the NPs for systematic planning and flexible time scheduling in intraoperative applications. NPs were degraded over a time period of 12 weeks, which was not altered due to inflammation. Redistribution of iron might be primarily due to inflammation and not to the presence of NPs per se in a concentration suitable for imaging. Our findings highlight the potential of the NPs to be used as a suitable tool for pre- and intraoperative imaging of inflammation.

Assessing the Biocompatibility of Multi-Anchored Glycoconjugate Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Normal Human Colon Cell Line CCD-18Co

“…In one such study, IONPs coated with different polymers like DEAE, chitosan, and PEI exhibited variation in its cytotoxic response to a human brain microvascular endothelial cell line, with PEI-IONPs showing maximum cytotoxicity [ 83 ]. In another study, IONPs functionalized with starch were incubated with a murine macrophage cell line for 48 h and the authors observed a drastic decrease in ATP levels of the cells [ 84 ]. However, the presence of GM3-IONPs to the CCD-18Co cells only resulted in a negligible decrease in ATP levels at concentrations above 250 μg/mL, thereby, showing that GM3-IONPs do not cause any detrimental toxic effects on the overall functioning of ATP synthesis mechanisms inside mitochondria in CCD-18Co cells.…”

Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking

“…References miRNA [68,69] siRNA [78,187] Drugs (doxorubicin, dexamethasone, betamethasone, methotrexate, caspase inhibitors, ceramide, oleanoic acid, emodin, heparin, aspirin, curcumin and sulforaphane) [66,67,79,95,103,132,147,167,189] Gene [164] The surface modifications for NP delivery, diagnostic imaging and tracking of therapeutic effects are summarized in Figure 4.…”

NIR-I Dye-Based Probe: A New Window for Bimodal Tumor Theranostics

“…By recording the spatial distribution of water protons, MRI is capable of generating a 3D anatomical image of tissues. It has been broadly applied in the aspect of soft tissue lesions and deep tissue pathological details imaging ( Domey et al, 2016 ; Tsai et al, 2018 ). Further compared with NMI, the images can be formed without injecting radionuclide which provides higher safety ( Kim et al, 2016 ).…”