Long-Term Prospective Study of Body Composition and Lipid Profiles during and after Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in Children with GH Deficiency: Gender-Specific Metabolic Effects

Kuromaru, Ryuichi

doi:10.1210/jc.83.11.3890

Cited by 51 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Estrogen has effects on body composition in girls during adolescent period and afterwards (Austin et al, 1991;Butte et al, 1997). Growth hormone treatment induces reduction of body fat (Kuromaru et al, 1998) and lower serum leptin levels (Elimam et al, 1999). Concerning significant correlation between leptin and %Wt in normal-weight girls, estrogen does not Figure 4 Relation between serum leptin levels and %Wt in normalweight girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in relationship of serum leptin and relative weight for the standard in normal-weight, but not in overweight, children as well as adolescents

Nakanishi

Liu

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To demonstrate sexual dimorphism in serum leptin levels not only during puberty, but also in childhood in Japan. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Hamamatsu-Hokuen study in Japan. Subjects: Body weight and height were measured in normal-weight Japanese children and adolescents (143 boys, 178 girls), and 161 boys and 129 girls whose percentage of overweight for the standard (%Wt) was more than þ 25%. Serum leptin levels were compared with %Wt. Subjects were divided into group 1 (6 -10 y of age) and group 2 (11 -15 y of age) according to their age. Results: In overweight subjects, leptin was more highly correlated with %Wt in boys of group 2 (r ¼ 0.67, P < 0.0001) than group 1 (r ¼ 0.32, P ¼ 0.004). In girls as well, a correlation coefficient was greater in group 2 (r ¼ 0.67, P < 0.0001) than group 1 (r ¼ 0.44, P ¼ 0.0011). In normal-weight boys, there was no significant correlation between serum leptin and %Wt both in groups 1 and 2. On the contrary, statistical significance was demonstrated in the correlation between serum leptin and %Wt in group 1 (r ¼ 0.31, P ¼ 0.0019) and group 2 (r ¼ 0.35, P ¼ 0.0014) as well as in the total normal-weight girls (r ¼ 0.28, P ¼ 0.0011). Conclusions: It is suggested that sexual dimorphism is present in serum leptin levels, especially when compared to weight, as early as during childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in relationship of serum leptin and relative weight for the standard in normal-weight, but not in overweight, children as well as adolescents

Nakanishi

Liu

et al. 2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…GH has complex effects on lipid metabolism (19) and it may be that cholesterol levels varied during GH treatment while attaining a new equilibrium state. In Japanese children with GHD, who have been treated with GH, mean total cholesterol and total/high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio were decreased markedly in both sexes but statistical significance was detected only in boys (20). The longest-term data in Japanese paediatric male GHD patients showed that 3 years of GH replacement caused a significant decrease in LDLcholesterol (21).…”

Section: Incidence Of Adverse Events N (% Of N)mentioning

confidence: 98%

An individualized GH dose regimen for long-term GH treatment in Japanese patients with adult GH deficiency

Chihara

Koledova²,

Shimatsu³

et al. 2005

eur j endocrinol

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Objectives: To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment, using a dose-adjustment regimen based on serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations, in adult Japanese hypopituitary patients with GH deficiency. Study design: Japanese patients who had initially been administered GH (n ¼ 31) or placebo (n ¼ 28) in a 24-week double-blind study received individualized GH treatment in an open-label study for 48 weeks. Body composition from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum IGF-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and lipid levels were determined centrally. Results: Significant increases in lean body mass (4.5%) and decreases in fat mass (2 10.5%) were observed in the group that received individualized GH doses in the present open-label study following placebo in the double-blind study. This was comparable with the changes observed in these parameters (4.7 and 2 9.2%, respectively) with fixed-dose GH treatment in the double-blind study; this latter group maintained these improvements throughout the open-label study. Individualized dose adjustment allowed for more moderate dose increases than the fixed-dose titration method. Individualized dosing also resulted in a lower mean dose for adult-onset compared with childhood-onset GH-deficient patients (0.032^0.019 versus 0.061^0.023 mg/kg per week for patients treated with GH for 48 weeks in the open-label study following placebo in the double-blind study). Dosing patterns in the two groups were paralleled by the changes in IGF-I and IGFBP-3. The incidence of oedema and cases with high IGF-I level were less frequent under the IGF-I controlled regimen compared with those during the fixed-dose titration method. Conclusion: Individualized GH administration based on IGF-I levels was safe and effective. This regimen demonstrated differences in dose requirements between adult-and childhood-onset patients. An individualized dose regimen is recommended in adult Japanese GH-deficient patients.European Journal of Endocrinology 153 57-65

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“…This method has been validated previously and within-day and between-day measurements have been reported to have high reproducibility. 27,28 Biochemical and hormonal analyses Venous blood samples were taken after an overnight fast between 8 and 9 a.m. All biochemical analyses including glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were performed with a technicon DAX-72 autoanalyser (Technicon, Bayer Corporation, Tarrytown, New York) in the Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. HDL cholesterol concentrations were also measured at the RA-XT autoanalyser after phosphotungstic acid and magnesium chloride precipitation.…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum lipid and leptin concentrations in hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency

Özbey

Algün

et al. 2000

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) de®ciency on serum lipid and leptin concentrations in hypopituitary patients taking conventional replacement therapy and to determine the relations between leptin and gender and anthropometric and metabolic variables. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one GH de®cient adult hypopituitary patients (15 women, six men) and 21 (14 women, seven men) age, sex and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: After an overnight fast, anthropometric parameters were measured and body composition was determined by a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Venous blood samples were obtained for the measurements of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, intact insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin concentrations. Serum leptin and hormones were analysed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Hypopituitary patients with GH de®ciency showed signi®cantly higher triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations on conventional replacement therapy. The unfavourable lipid pro®le was particularly evident in women. Signi®cantly higher leptin concentrations were found in patients compared with healthy controls with similar body fat content (23.5 AE 11.8 ngaml vs 11.7 AE 6.9 ngaml, P 0.01). This difference remained signi®cant even when leptin values were expressed in relation to fat mass percentage (0.79 AE 0.40 vs 0.42 AE 0.17 ngaml%, P`0.05) and fat mass kg (1.32 AE 0.81 vs 0.66 AE 0.30 ngaml kg, P`0.05). Signi®cant positive correlations were observed between leptin concentrations and body fat percentage and age in the control group. In patients the sole signi®cant relation between leptin and study parameters was the positive correlation observed between leptin and total cholesterol concentrations. Serum leptin concentrations were signi®cantly higher in women than men in the control group, but not in the patients. No signi®cant gender difference was observed when leptin concentrations were expressed in relation to fat mass (percentage and kg). CONCLUSION: Growth hormone de®cient hypopituitary patients (particularly women) on conventional replacement therapy have a more atherogenic lipid pro®le. Leptin concentrations are increased in GH de®cient adults even after adjustment for percentage body fat and body fat mass (kg). Although the nature of our data does not allow us to draw any conclusions on the mechanism(s) of increased leptin concentrations in GH de®ciency, decreased central sensitivity to leptin and increased leptin production from per unit fat mass, or alterations in leptin clearance, might be operative.

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Long-Term Prospective Study of Body Composition and Lipid Profiles during and after Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in Children with GH Deficiency: Gender-Specific Metabolic Effects

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Sexual dimorphism in relationship of serum leptin and relative weight for the standard in normal-weight, but not in overweight, children as well as adolescents

Sexual dimorphism in relationship of serum leptin and relative weight for the standard in normal-weight, but not in overweight, children as well as adolescents

An individualized GH dose regimen for long-term GH treatment in Japanese patients with adult GH deficiency

Serum lipid and leptin concentrations in hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency

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