Long‐term results of superficial defects in articular cartilage: A scanning electronmicroscope study

Fn, Ghadially; Thomas, Isabelle; Af, Oryschak; Jm, Lalonde

doi:10.1002/path.1711210404

Cited by 107 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Because of the lack of vascularity and paucity of cellularity, articular cartilage damaged by disease or trauma has a limited capacity for regeneration [1][2][3]. Using techniques of tissue engineering, artificial cartilage fabricated in vitro has been applied for the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Femoral Bone Marrow Near the Site of Osteonecrosis

et al. 2003

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Stem cell-based therapies for degenerative disorders and injuries are promising in the new era. Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) are on the leading edge because they are easy to expand in culture while maintaining their multilineage potential. In vitro assessment of the chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials of cultured MSCs has been established, and the BM used in those experiments was exclusively from healthy donors via iliac crest aspiration. It is unknown whether human marrow obtained from femurs also contains these multipotential MSCs. We collected marrow from proximal femurs of two patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery for femoral head osteonecrosis and isolated and culture expanded MSCs to about 20 population doublings. These cells were homogeneously positive for β β1 1-integrin. When pelleted into aggregates and cultured in a medium containing transforming growth factor-β β3 for 14 days, the cells began to express mRNA for aggrecan and collagen type II and to deposit immunoreactive collagen type II and sulfated proteoglycans in the matrix, hallmarks of chondrogenic differentiation. These MSCs could also be differentiated into osteocytic lineage in vitro, as shown by increased expression of alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of mineral content onto culture plates. These results indicate that femoral BM obtained during hip surgeries also contained multipotential MSCs. These data imply that direct replacement therapy using MSCs from in situ marrow may be possible in the future and that an MSC bank may be established by using marrow from this approach, bypassing the necessity for iliac marrow aspiration from healthy donors. Stem

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Femoral Bone Marrow Near the Site of Osteonecrosis

et al. 2003

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“…Undulations and furrows do not appear unless the cartilage is incised or separated from the underlying bone prior to fixation b, Ghadially et al 1976, Ghadially et al 1977. However, dimples and humps appeared following all the preparative procedures which we compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Freeze‐drying of articular cartilage: Investigation of rat femoral heads by SEM

Draenert

1979

Scanning

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SummaryThe results of comparative investigations of freeze-drying of joint cartilage which had not been separated from the underlying bone are reported.Fixation and ethanol and amyl acetate substitution procedures cause marked loss of ground substance and thus create surface structures which are not present to the same degree in cartilage which is simply freezedried. Indeed, it is questionable whether these structures are present in vivo. They were most highly developed in critical-point-dried cartilage.The main difficulty with freeze-drying is the prevention of damage caused by ice crystals. A tissue temperature of -130°C should always be aimed for and, because of the rapid growth of ice crystals, the temperature should never be allowed to rise above -90°C. These conditions can be fulfilled if the specimen is .in good thermal contact with the cold stage and if the cooling device is equipped with a condenser which is cooled with liquid nitrogen.The better the tissue was processed, the smoother was the resulting cartilage surface and the greater was the degree to which the chondrocytes fitted the walls of their lacunae.At tissue temperatures above -90 o e, the first change which became apparent was destruction of the cell membranes. This was followed by almost com-

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“…3) could represent the proteinhyaluronic acid complex in the articular surface, responsible for the cartilage nutrition, and consequent to the cyclic stress/load to the joint. 49,51 However, care must be exercised to correlate SEM images with the biochemical findings in the light of present knowledge. 49 The severity of the articular Figure 3.…”

Section: Effect Of Dar In Hip Chondrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oral diacerein (DAR) in an experimental hip chondrolysis model

Kitadai

Takahashi

Straus

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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We aimed to reproduce the articular cartilage structural changes in a joint exposed to a metallic implant as in the adolescent pinned hip with persistent joint penetration and secondly, to test the effect of an interleukin inhibitor, diacerein (DAR) in the ensuing articular cartilage lesion. Twenty immature beagles were submitted to a surgical K-wire implantation in the hip with the material left in the joint space for 6 months. Twelve animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical tests. Eight animals were sacrificed at 10 months (half of them treated with DAR) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biochemistry of the articular cartilage. Preoperative and monthly C3 and C4 complement and immunoglobulins serum levels were determined. The histological and the electrophoretic profile changes were significative at 6 months. At 10 months the migration profile (CaCl 2 ) recovered to normal levels in the operated hip and the SEM scores for the acetabulum were similar to the non operated control hip after treatment. The serum level of IgA was elevated at the 4th and 6th month postoperatively. The persistence of a metallic implant resulted in degenerative changes parallel to that described for hip chondrolysis as a complication of in-situ pinning; and the cartilage lesion improved with DAR treatment. ß

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Long‐term results of superficial defects in articular cartilage: A scanning electronmicroscope study

Cited by 107 publications

References 4 publications

Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Femoral Bone Marrow Near the Site of Osteonecrosis

Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Femoral Bone Marrow Near the Site of Osteonecrosis

Freeze‐drying of articular cartilage: Investigation of rat femoral heads by SEM

Effect of oral diacerein (DAR) in an experimental hip chondrolysis model

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