Long-Term Stability of Thujone, Fenchone, and Pinocamphone in Vintage Preban Absinthe

Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Nathan-Maister, David; Breaux, Theodore A.; Kuballa, Thomas

doi:10.1021/jf803975m

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The average and median concentrations of total thujone in all investigated samples were 27.5 and 22.3 mg/L, correspondingly. These values are in full agreement with our previous findings [7,12,19].…”

Section: Methods Validation and Measurement Of Authentic Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For the authentic absinthes the RSDs were slightly higher but still acceptably below 10%. Furthermore, NMR results for 69 absinthes were compared with values previously obtained by our conventional LLE-GC/MS method [7,12,19]. Statistical analysis between results from GC/MS and NMR revealed that the linear correlation is significant (P < 0.0001, R = 0.93).…”

Section: Methods Validation and Measurement Of Authentic Samplesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Rapid Determination of Total Thujone in Absinthe Using ¹H NMR Spectroscopy

Monakhova

Kuballa

Lachenmeier

2011

International Journal of Spectroscopy

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1H NMR spectroscopy is utilized to quantify total thujone (sum of α- and β-isomers) in absinthe. For sample preparation, a simple dilution with buffer is required. Thujone produces a distinct peak of the CH2 group in the cyclopentanone moiety in the 2.13–2.11 ppm range. No overlap with other typical constituents such as anethole or fenchone occurs. The detection limit of 0.3 mg/L is adequate to control the EU maximum limit. The relative standard deviation was 6%, and linearity was observed from 1 to 100 mg/L. Applicability was proven by analysis of 69 authentic absinthes. The correlation between NMR and our previous method consisting of liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS was significant (P<0.0001,R=0.93). The simple and cheap NMR method can be used for rapid screening of absinthes for total thujone content while chromatographic techniques are recommended for more specific (α- and β-thujone isomers) analysis if required.

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Section: Methods Validation and Measurement Of Authentic Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methods Validation and Measurement Of Authentic Samplesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Rapid Determination of Total Thujone in Absinthe Using ¹H NMR Spectroscopy

Monakhova

Kuballa

Lachenmeier

2011

International Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…The total thujone amount remained constant during the whole experiment (48 hours). This result reconfirmed the stability of thujone under storage conditions 26. Our results showed that rosmarinic acid (in contrast to thujone) is only stable in aqueous tea infusions for approximately five hours (which means that about 15 samples can be prepared and measured in one sequence by NMR).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Holistic control of Herbal Teas and Tinctures Based on sage (Salvia officinalis L.) for compounds with Beneficial and Adverse Effects using NMR Spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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A methodology that utilizes 1 H-NMR spectroscopy has been developed to simultaneously analyze toxic terpenes (thujone and camphor), major polyphenolic compounds, the total antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) index in foods and medicines containing sage. The quantitative determination of rosmarinic acid (limit of detection (LOD) = 10 mg/L) and total thujone (LOD = 0.35 mg/L) was possible using direct integration of the signals. For other parameters (derivatives of rosmarinic acid, carnosol and flavone glycosides, ORAC and FC index), chemometric regression models obtained separately for alcohol-based tinctures (R 2 = 0.94-0.98) and aqueous tea infusions (R 2 = 0.79-0.99) were suitable for screening analysis. The relative standard deviations for authentic samples were below 10%. The developed methodology was applied for the analysis of a wide variety of sage products (n = 108). The total thujone content in aqueous tea infusions was found to be in the range of not detectable (nd) to 37.5 mg/L (average 9.2 mg/L), while tinctures contained higher levels (range nd–-409 mg/L, average 107 mg/L). The camphor content varied from 2.1 to 43.7 mg/L in aqueous infusions and from not detectable to 748 mg/L in tinctures (averages were 14.1 and 206 mg/L, respectively). Phenolic compounds were also detected in the majority of the investigated products. 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was proven to have the ability to holistically control all important adverse and beneficial compounds in sage products in a single experiment, considerably saving time, resources and costs as NMR replaces four separate methodologies that were previously needed to analyze the same parameters.

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“…Although this has often been ascribed to the neurotoxicological effects of the thujones (the main constituents of the essential oil of wormwood, Figure 6), it now seems more likely that the excessively-high alcohol content of absinthe and indeed the quality of the alcohol used in some products were responsible. Indeed, it has been shown that the levels of the thujones in actual samples or authentic reformulations of absinthe from this 'preban' period were for the most part within the limits set by current EU legislation [17] . Referring to the case of Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), an interesting article [18] discusses absinthe and several psychodynamic factors that may have contributed to his psychotic episodes at Arles, when he cut off his ear.…”

Section: Absinthementioning

confidence: 90%