Long-term strategies for mitigating global warming

Nakićenović, Nebojša; Grübler, Arnulf; Inaba, Atsushi; Messner, S.; Nilsson, S.; Nishimura, Yoichi; Rogner, Hans‐Holger; Schäfer, Andreas; Schrattenholzer, Leo; Strubegger, M.; Swisher, Joel N.; Victor, David G.; Wilson, Deborah

doi:10.1016/0360-5442(93)90019-a

Cited by 80 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Sousa et al [104] undertook a comprehensive literature review on the scope of energy flows from primary to useful energy or exergy. Other authors have gone further and explored primary energy flows through to final services, including Haefele [5], Nakicenovic [6,105,106], Schaeffer and Wirtshafter [107], and Cullen and Allwood [12]. However, only Cullen and Allwood [12] measure the energy services with units, the other papers are more conceptual in nature.…”

Section: Materials Services: How Best To Unify the Concept?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material Services with Both Eyes Wide Open

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Energy has been at the forefront of the sustainable development discourse for quite some time as policymakers, industry heads and society at large have taken progressive steps to cut carbon via renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency measures. Unfortunately, some of these methods have given rise to perverse socio-environmental effects; as materials have been unnecessarily sacrificed, mines and wells have opened and plantations grown, in the name of energy saving. This paper contributes to clean energy-orientated policies and practices by exploring the discipline of sustainable materials. We first review two strategies: energy efficiency linked to materials; and material efficiency, meaning "doing more with less." We find that, although both contribute significantly, they are hampered by the rebound effect and their focus on "doing less bad" rather than "good". Furthermore, they do not in themselves evaluate the services and societal wellbeing that materials provide. We then define "material services" and propose a wider strategy that encompasses and enhances the previous two. Under the new strategy, we argue that sustainable materials should be considered as those that do no harm and which optimally, through the services provided, contribute to better sustainable development policies and practices.

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Section: Materials Services: How Best To Unify the Concept?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haefele [5] and Nakicenovic et al [6] were among the first to note society's dependence on energy to support the functioning of complex systems that, in turn, convert energy and mass flows into desirable end uses (services). Since then, the importance of materials, specifically, has become increasingly recognised [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Services with Both Eyes Wide Open

et al. 2017

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“…(Szargut and Morris,1987;Wall, 1988). Other stales have shown that considerable energy efficiency improvement can be realized (technically and economically) in the short term (1Oto 15 years) with available technologies (Nakicenovic, 1993;Lovins and Lovins, 1991;WEC, 1995% Worrell et al, 1997b.…”

Section: Energy Intensity Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sector trends and driving forces of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions: focus in industry and buildings

Price¹,

Worrell²,

Khrushch³

1999

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“…Croplands may sequester more C with the addition of organic matter and reductions in tillage practices, and agricultural lands not ideally suited to cultivation may be converted to rangeland (Paustian et al, 2000;Conant et al, 2001). Improved technologies with reduced or no emissions or technologies that even remove C compounds from the atmosphere may mitigate current levels of excess greenhouse gases (Nakićenović et al, 1993;Wigley et al, 1996;Herzog, 2011). Sequestration of C in oceans and deep underground may present a unique, albeit costly, option for long-term storage of C emissions (Metz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Fig 2 Potential Sequestration Impacts On Greenhouse Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If indeed global warming is occurring -and the preponderance of evidence seems to indicate this -strategies to reduce global warming may include improved technologies with reduced or no emissions, artificial C sequestration in oceans, and improved resource management (Nakićenović et al, 1993). The burning of fossil-fuels, emissions from livestock, and accelerated soil C losses due to tillage, rangeland degradation, and landuse changes may exacerbate global warming.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%