Sector trends and driving forces of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions: focus in industry and buildings

Price, Lynn; Worrell, Ernst; Khrushch, Marta

doi:10.2172/751751

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In particular electricity and fuel consumption declines sharply during the 1989-1990 period (predominantly fossil fuels), peaking at 7.72 EJ in 1989 then decreasing to 5.54 EJ by 1990. Further investigation attributed this to a sharp drop in agriculture/forestry energy use data to the Soviet Union (up to and including 1989) and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) states (from 1990 onwards), a conclusion supported in the literature (Price et al 1998;Federico 2008). There may be various reasons for this sharp difference within pre/post-Soviet Union, but the further investigation/speculation on this is not within the remit of this paper, given the limited impact on overall results.…”

Section: Inputsmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Net Energy Analysis of the Global Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fishing and Forestry System

Marshall

Brockway

2020

Biophys Econ Sust

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The global agriculture, aquaculture, fishing and forestry (AAFF) energy system is subject to three unsustainable trends: (1) the approaching biophysical limits of AAFF; (2) the role of AAFF as a driver of environmental degradation; and (3) the long-term declining energy efficiency of AAFF due to growing dependence on fossil fuels. In response, we conduct a net energy analysis for the period 1971-2017 and review existing studies to investigate the global AAFF energy system and its vulnerability to the three unsustainable trends from an energetic perspective. We estimate the global AAFF system represents 27.9% of societies energy supply in 2017, with food energy representing 20.8% of societies total energy supply. We find that the net energy-return-on-investment (net EROI) of global AAFF increased from 2.87:1 in 1971 to 4.05:1 in 2017. We suggest that rising net EROI values are being fuelled in part by 'depleting natures accumulated energy stocks'. We also find that the net energy balance of AAFF increased by 130% in this period, with at the same time a decrease in both the proportion of rural residents and also the proportion of the total population working in AAFF-which decreased from 19.8 to 10.3%. However, this comes at the cost of growing fossil fuel dependency which increased from 43.6 to 62.2%. Given the increasing probability of near-term fossil fuel scarcity, the growing impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, and the approaching biophysical limits of global AAFF, 'Odum's hoax' is likely soon to be revealed.

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Section: Inputsmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Net Energy Analysis of the Global Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fishing and Forestry System

Marshall

Brockway

2020

Biophys Econ Sust

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“…According to IEA statistics, the share of green house gasses from the transport sector increased from 19% in 1971 to 22% in 1995 (Price et al, 1998) and 23% in 1997(IEA, 1999. The world's petroleumderived transportation energy use comprised about 95% between 1973 and 1996 and increased by 66% during this time.…”

Section: Combustion Of Fossil Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Human Activities on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: A Statistical Analysis

Salam

Noguchi

2005

Environmentalist

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The balance of evidence suggests a perceptible human influence on global ecosystems. Human activities are affecting the global ecosystem, some directly and some indirectly. If researchers could clarify the extent to which specific human activities affect global ecosystems, they would be in a much better position to suggest strategies for mitigating against the worst disturbances. Sophisticated statistical analysis can help in interpreting the influence of specific human activities on global ecosystems more carefully. This study aims at identifying significant or influential human activities (i.e. factors) on CO 2 emissions using statistical analyses. The study was conducted for two cases: (i) developed countries and (ii) developing countries. In developed countries, this study identified three influential human activities for CO 2 emissions: (i) combustion of fossil fuels, (ii) population pressure on natural and terrestrial ecosystems, and (iii) land use change. In developing countries, the significant human activities causing an upsurge of CO 2 emissions are: (i) combustion of fossil fuels, (ii) terrestrial ecosystem strength and (iii) land use change. Among these factors, combustion of fossil fuels is the most influential human activity for CO 2 emissions both in developed and developing countries. Regression analysis based on the factor scores indicated that combustion of fossil fuels has significant positive influence on CO 2 emissions in both developed and developing countries. Terrestrial ecosystem strength has a significant negative influence on CO 2 emissions. Land use change and CO 2 emissions are positively related, although regression analysis showed that the influence of land use change on CO 2 emissions was still insignificant. It is anticipated, from the findings of this study, that CO 2 emissions can be reduced by reducing fossil-fuel consumption and switching to alternative energy sources, preserving exiting forests, planting trees on abandoned and degraded forest lands, or by planting trees by social/agroforestry on agricultural lands.

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“…Climate models predicting global warming attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions now seem to be generally accepted, both scientifically and politically, and debate now centres primarily on what political action is needed and will be most effective in curbing such emissions. Unsurprisingly, there has been an explosion in research into the energy and greenhouse gas intensity of different activities and industries (see McCarl and Schneider (2000); Price et al (1998Price et al ( , 2002), and numerous articles on economic and technological methods for curbing emissions in specific sectors (Capros et al, 1999;Kolstada, 2005;Springer and Varilek, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Structure and Energy—A Review

Rickwood

Glazebrook

Searle

2008

Urban Policy and Research

159

109

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The nature and form of the urban environment is a critical determinant of the sustainability of our society, as it is responsible directly for a large proportion of consumed energy, and influences indirectly the patterns and modes of energy consumed in everyday activities. We examine the current state of research into the energy and greenhouse gas emissions attributable directly or indirectly to urban form. Specifically, we look at the embodied (construction) and operational energy attributable to the construction, maintenance and use of residential dwellings, and we review the literature on the relationship between urban structure and transport related energy consumption. While there is clear evidence from both intra and inter city comparisons that higher density, transit oriented cities have lower percapita transport energy use, the effect of housing density on residential (in-house) energy use is less clear. More detailed research is needed to examine the relationships between urban form and overall energy use. * Corresponding Author: peter.rickwood@gmail.com (ph: 02 9514 8606) 1 In this article, we discuss delivered energy, primary energy, and greenhouse gas emissions attributable to energy use. We asssume readers are aware of the relationship between these measures.

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Sector trends and driving forces of global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions: focus in industry and buildings

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

A Net Energy Analysis of the Global Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fishing and Forestry System

A Net Energy Analysis of the Global Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fishing and Forestry System

Impact of Human Activities on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: A Statistical Analysis

Urban Structure and Energy—A Review

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