Long-Term Urbanization and Land Subsidence in Asian Megacities: An Indicators System Approach

Kaneko, Shinji; Toyota, Tomoyo

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53904-9_13

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Subsidence came to hold 10 years later as a result of the delayed response in the compacting layers (see Figure 7. Land subsidence and groundwater levels in the Tokyo area (Japan), modified after Kaneko and Toyota (2011). The effect of the reduction of groundwater extraction on groundwater levels is clearly visible.…”

Section: Measures and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimated additional mean cumulative subsidence until 2025 (mm) are linear interpolations of the current rates, notwithstanding any policy changes. Sources: Bangkok: MoNRE-DGR (2012), Aobpaet et al (2013); Ho Chi Min City: van Trung and Minh Dinh (2009); Jakarta: Bakr (2011); Manila: Eco et al (2011);West Netherlands: van de Ven (1993); Tokyo: Kaneko and Toyota (2011 Figure 2 and Table 1 show that land subsidence rates widely vary from city to city. In many cases, the underlying processes and the relative contribution of the different drivers is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sinking coastal cities

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In many coastal and delta cities land subsidence now exceeds absolute sea level rise up to a factor of ten. A major cause for severe land subsidence is excessive groundwater extraction related to rapid urbanization and population growth. Without action, parts of Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City, Bangkok and numerous other coastal cities will sink below sea level. Land subsidence increases flood vulnerability (frequency, inundation depth and duration of floods), with floods causing major economic damage and loss of lives. In addition, differential land movement causes significant economic losses in the form of structural damage and high maintenance costs for (infra)structure. The total damage worldwide is estimated at billions of dollars annually.As subsidence is often spatially variable and can be caused by multiple processes, an assessment of subsidence in delta cities needs to answer questions such as: what are the main causes? What is the current subsidence rate and what are future scenarios (and interaction with other major environmental issues)? Where are the vulnerable areas? What are the impacts and risks? How can adverse impacts be mitigated or compensated for? Who is involved and responsible to act?In this study a quick-assessment of subsidence is performed on the following mega-cities: Jakarta, Ho Chi Minh City, Dhaka, New Orleans and Bangkok. Results of these case studies will be presented and compared, and a (generic) approach how to deal with subsidence in current and future subsidence-prone areas is provided.

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Section: Measures and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinking coastal cities

et al. 2015

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“…Relative sea-level change considers the sum of global, regional, and local components of sea-level change: the underlying drivers of these components are (1) climate change, as already discussed, and changing ocean dynamics and (2) nonclimate land level change (i.e., uplift/subsidence) processes such as tectonics, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), and natural and anthropogenic-induced subsidence. In contrast, other cities such as Jakarta and Metro Manila continue to subside substantially, with maximum subsidence of 4 and 1 m over the last few decades, respectively (Kaneko and Toyota, 2011). Hence, RSLR is only partly a response to climate change and varies from place to place (Figure 9.2).…”

Section: Global-mean and Rslrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This translates into measures to control/reduce groundwater extraction and manage water levels, which have been successfully implemented in a number of cities to date, such as Shanghai, Osaka, and Tokyo (Kaneko and Toyota, 2011). This translates into measures to control/reduce groundwater extraction and manage water levels, which have been successfully implemented in a number of cities to date, such as Shanghai, Osaka, and Tokyo (Kaneko and Toyota, 2011).…”

Section: Mitigation Of Sea-level Risementioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting to Sea Level Rise

Nicholls

2015

Coastal and Marine Hazards, Risks, and Disasters

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“…For example, superstrong Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 caused a massive storm surge, claiming more than 6000 lives in the Philippines, even though the meteorological agency in the Philippines issued a typhoon warning with a potential storm surge height up to 7 m a day before the landfall. According to the authors' post-disaster survey, however, a number of local inhabitants could not realize what would happen due to storm (Kaneko and Toyota, 2011;Takagi et al, 2016a). surge as many of them had only just heard the term for the first time. Many people expressed the view that it would have been better for authorities and media to describe it by a simpler vocabulary such as a tsunami Esteban et al, 2015Esteban et al, , 2016Mikami et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove forest against dyke-break-induced tsunami on rapidly subsiding coasts

Takagi

Mikami

Fujii

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Thin coastal dykes typically found in developing countries may suddenly collapse due to rapid land subsidence, material ageing, sea-level rise, high wave attack, earthquakes, landslides, or a collision with vessels. Such a failure could trigger dam-break tsunami-type flooding, or "dyke-break-induced tsunami", a possibility which has so far been overlooked in the field of coastal disaster science and management. To analyse the potential consequences of one such flooding event caused by a dyke failure, a hydrodynamic model was constructed based on the authors' field surveys of a vulnerable coastal location in Jakarta, Indonesia. In a 2 m land subsidence scenario -which is expected to take place in the study area after only about 10-20 years -the model results show that the floodwaters rapidly rise to a height of nearly 3 m, resembling the flooding pattern of earthquakeinduced tsunamis. The depth-velocity product criterion suggests that many of the narrow pedestrian paths behind the dyke could experience strong flows, which are far greater than the safe limits that would allow pedestrian evacuation. A couple of alternative scenarios were also considered to investigate how such flood impacts could be mitigated by creating a mangrove belt in front of the dyke as an additional safety measure. The dyke-break-induced tsunamis, which in many areas are far more likely than regular earthquake tsunamis, cannot be overlooked and thus should be considered in disaster management and urban planning along the coasts of many developing countries.

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Long-Term Urbanization and Land Subsidence in Asian Megacities: An Indicators System Approach

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Sinking coastal cities

Sinking coastal cities

Adapting to Sea Level Rise

Mangrove forest against dyke-break-induced tsunami on rapidly subsiding coasts

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