Long‐Term Weight Cycling in Female Wistar Rats: Effects on Metabolism

Lu, Huiqing; Buison, Anne; Uhley, Virginia; Jen, K.‐L. Catherine

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00186.x

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Diet composition may be a factor in this differential response. In the present study, a diet consisting of 46.1 % fat, 33.1 % carbohydrate, and 20.8% protein was used, whereas the study of Lu et al (18) used a diet consisting of 19.4% carbohydrate (sucrose), 15.3% protein, and 65.3% fat. The composition of the latter diet would seem to be more detrimental to insulin action, compared with the former.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Weight Cycling Induced by Diet Cycling in Rats Differing in Susceptibility to Dietary Obesity

1999

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LAUER, JOAN B., GEORGE W. REED, AND JAMES 0. HILL. Effects of weight cycling induced by diet cycling in rats differing in susceptibility to dietary obesity. Obes Res. 1999;7:2 15-222. Objective: Although the majority of evidence in rodents does not support the view that weight cycling (consisting of bouts of food restriction and refeeding) promotes obesity, the effects of weight cycling on body weight regulation remain controversial. We have previously demonstrated that some rats within a strain are more susceptible to develop obesity than others when given free access to a high-fat diet. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rats most susceptible to weight gain on a high-fat diet would also be most susceptible to weight gain as a consequence of weight cycling. Research Methods and Procedures:Rats were provided a low-fat diet (12% corn oil) for 2 weeks, then given a highfat diet (45% corn oil) for 2 weeks to identify those most (obesity prone) and least (obesity resistant) susceptible to weight gain. Half of each group was then subjected to three 30-day cycles of food restriction (10 days) and refeeding (20 days) [weight cycler (WC) rats]. The other half were allowed free access to the high-fat diet [control (CO) rats]. All rats were then followed for an additional 10 weeks, with free access to the high-fat diet. Results: When considering the entire 160 days of the study, we found no evidence that WC rats relative to CO rats had increased body weight, increased body fat content, or elevated energy efficiency. We found no evidence that rats most prone to dietary obesity were also prone to weight gain after weight cycling. During the weight cycling phase (days 1 to 90), weight cycled groups consumed less energy and gained less weight than controls. During the follow-up phase, WC and CO rats did not differ significantly in weight gain or energy intake. Discussion: In this study, weight cycling did not exacerbate the obesity produced by high-fat diet feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of Weight Cycling Induced by Diet Cycling in Rats Differing in Susceptibility to Dietary Obesity

1999

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“…Previous reports have shown that weight cycling increases systemic IR in rats (40,41), and a recent study showed increased inflammatory cytokine levels in AT of weight-cycled mice when compared with lean control mice (42). Multiple human studies demonstrate that weight cycling increases the risk for development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (23–27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Weight Cycling Increases T-Cell Accumulation in Adipose Tissue and Impairs Systemic Glucose Tolerance

et al. 2013

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Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity in the U.S. Accumulation of proinflammatory immune cells in adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the development of obesity-associated disorders. Weight loss is the ideal method to counteract the negative consequences of obesity; however, losses are rarely maintained, leading to bouts of weight cycling. Fluctuations in weight have been associated with worsened metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes; yet, the mechanisms explaining this potential correlation are not known. For determination of whether weight cycling modulates AT immune cell populations, inflammation, and insulin resistance, mice were subjected to a diet-switch protocol designed to induce weight cycling. Weight-cycled mice displayed decreased systemic glucose tolerance and impaired AT insulin sensitivity when compared with mice that gained weight but did not cycle. AT macrophage number and polarization were not modulated by weight cycling. However, weight cycling did increase the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in AT. Expression of multiple T helper 1–associated cytokines was also elevated subsequent to weight cycling. Additionally, CD8+ effector memory T cells were present in AT of both obese and weight-cycled mice. These studies indicate that an exaggerated adaptive immune response in AT may contribute to metabolic dysfunction during weight cycling.

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“…A significant increase in visceral fat mass as a long-term consequence of weight cycling was reported in an experimental study in rats. 26 Adipose tissues were also found to be significantly enlarged in weight-cycled rats. 27 Two studies in humans found a positive association of weight fluctuation with waist-hip ratio 28 or truncal adiposity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association between weight fluctuation and fasting insulin concentration in Japanese men

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether long-term weight fluctuation is associated with the fasting serum insulin concentration. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Weight histories of 1932 male Japanese workers aged 40-59 y were analyzed in relation to their current fasting serum insulin concentration. MEASUREMENTS: Individual weight fluctuation was calculated by root mean square error (RMSE) along the linear regression line of weight measured at five to six different ages. RESULTS: The mean RMSE and fasting insulin concentration were 1.22 kg and 4.5 mU/ml, respectively. The multivariate adjusted insulin level became higher with the increase in weight fluctuation. Subanalysis stratified by current body mass index (BMI) showed that the multivariate adjusted insulin level in individuals in the top quartile of fluctuation was 4.3 mU/ml, against 3.9 mU/ ml in those in the bottom quartile (P ¼ 0.018, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)) in the normal weight subgroup with current BMI below 25 kg/m 2 . In the overweight subgroup with BMI 25 kg/m 2 or above, the level was 6.9 mU/ml in individuals in the top quartile and 6.2 mU/ml in those in the bottom quartile (P ¼ 0.054, ANCOVA). CONCLUSION:The results suggest that weight fluctuation increases the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia. Prospective observations together with measurement of changes in adiposity are needed for confirmation.

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Long‐Term Weight Cycling in Female Wistar Rats: Effects on Metabolism

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Weight Cycling Induced by Diet Cycling in Rats Differing in Susceptibility to Dietary Obesity

Effects of Weight Cycling Induced by Diet Cycling in Rats Differing in Susceptibility to Dietary Obesity

Weight Cycling Increases T-Cell Accumulation in Adipose Tissue and Impairs Systemic Glucose Tolerance

Association between weight fluctuation and fasting insulin concentration in Japanese men

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