Long Valley Caldera Lake and reincision of Owens River Gorge

Hildreth, Wes; Fierstein, Judy

doi:10.3133/sir20165120

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Other abbreviations: CV, Crestview; DP, Deadman Pass; LV, Town of Lee Vining; ML, Town of Mammoth Lakes; PV, Pleasant Valley; TP, Toms Place. Blue dotted lines are Pliocene paleodrainages discussed by Hildreth and Fierstein (2016a, 2016b). Tan is modern valley fill.…”

Section: Overview Of Long Valleymentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Rhyolite Systems: Inferences From Vent Patterns and Eruptive Episodicities: Eastern California and Laguna del Maule

Hildreth

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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The Pliocene-to-Holocene volcanic field surrounding Laguna del Maule covers 500-km 2 along the Andean crest in central Chile. The Pliocene-to-Holocene volcanic field at Long Valley covers a 1,000-km 2 area that straddles the Sierra Nevada-Basin and Range transition in California. Both fields have recurrently erupted large volumes of rhyolite-Long Valley throughout the Quaternary (since 2.2 Ma) and Laguna del Maule episodically since the Pliocene (3.7-0.04 Ma) and with extraordinary frequency in postglacial time (after 17 ka). Both are currently undergoing impressive geodetic and seismic unrest that has attracted intensive monitoring and scientific investigation. Because of an abundance of postglacial rhyolite eruptions in both areas, including many in the last few thousand years, the likelihood is high that similar activity will recur at both. The present contribution summarizes the rhyolites of the two volcanic fields and compares their respective vent distributions, compositions, volumes, and eruptive episodicities. The Pleistocene rhyolites of the Coso volcanic field, 200 km south of Long Valley, are also discussed as an additional comparator.The paper proceeds with brief overviews of each volcanic field, a background summary of preferred models of silicic magmatism, and then the presentation of the essential features of each of seven rhyolite eruptive sequences. Comparison of the California examples with Laguna del Maule is followed by a discussion of vent distributions and spacing, batch volumes, and eruptive episodicities. Finally, inferences are drawn about transcrustal processes that eventuated in large upper-crustal crystal-rich magma reservoirs and about the episodic extraction and eruption of numerous batches of crystal-poor rhyolitic melt from them. MethodsLaguna del Maule volcanic field was mapped on foot over the course of 10 austral summers (1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) by the author, accompanied in various years by Estanislao Godoy, Judy Fierstein, Brad Singer, and Bob Drake (Hildreth et al., 2010). Fierstein (2017, 2018 subsequently led a team that documented the copious and complex tephra deposits around the volcanic field and far downwind in Argentina; and Singer concurrently spearheaded a team that investigated the field geochemically and geophysically.

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Section: Overview Of Long Valleymentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Rhyolite Systems: Inferences From Vent Patterns and Eruptive Episodicities: Eastern California and Laguna del Maule

Hildreth

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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“…Speckled Dace managed to make it through this chain, leaving populations behind in spring systems when dry desert conditions returned. The reverse movement of fish from Lake Manly to the Owens Basin was apparently geologically improbable, given the large waterfalls in the Owens River gorge and elsewhere (Hildreth & Fierstein 2016). The ancestral dace also colonized the Amargosa River which flowed into Lake Manly from the east by moving upstream from the lake.…”

Section: Rhinichthys Nevadensis Gilbert 1893 New Common Name Desert S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this time, Mono Lake levels were high enough so that it periodically spilled into Adobe Valley, which drained into the Owens River, from which fish presumably moved upstream into Long Valley. Subsequent down-faulting of the Owens River and formation of steep waterfalls in the Owens River gorge likely isolated Long Valley from the Owens Valley around 100,000 years ago (Hildreth and Fierstein 2016).…”

Section: Rhinichthys Nevadensis Caldera New Subspecies Long Valley Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…etymology. The Long Valley Speckled Dace was historically known only from small streams flowing into the Long Valley Caldera, the remnants of a gigantic volcano that last erupted 0.7 million years ago (Hildreth and Fierstein 2016). They colonized the remnants of the caldera during the late Pleistocene, hence caldera.…”

Section: Rhinichthys Nevadensis Caldera New Subspecies Long Valley Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA

Moyle¹,

Buckmaster

2023

Zootaxa

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The Speckled Dace, Rhinichthys osculus (Girard), is a small species of fish (Cypriniformes, Leuciscidae) that has the widest geographic range of any freshwater dispersing fish in western North America. The dynamic geologic history of the region has produced many isolated watersheds with endemic fish species. However, Speckled Dace from these watersheds cannot be differentiated readily by morphometrics and meristics. This has led to the widely accepted hypothesis that the dace’s adaptability and ability to cross geologic barriers has resulted in interbreeding among neighboring populations, maintaining the dace as a single species. We investigate this hypothesis by looking at Speckled Dace populations in California which are the result of at least three separate colonization events of isolated watersheds. We synthesize results from taxonomic, genetic, and zoogeographic studies in combination with the findings of a recent genomics study, to show that there are distinctive evolutionary lineages within the Speckled Dace complex. These lineages are used to designate multiple species and subspecies. We back up these designations by examining how well these lineages fit with the geologic history of the isolated basins they inhabit and with the presence of other endemic fishes. We conclude the following nine taxa can be recognized within the Speckled Dace complex in California.

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“…Proximate results of the collapse of continental ash-flow calderas (Lipman, 1997) include (1) dispersal of wall-rock lithic fragments throughout the pyroclastic deposits erupted (Eichelberger and Koch, 1979;Hildreth and Mahood, 1986;Hildreth and Wilson, 2007); (2) syneruptive slumping of breccia sheets and slabs of wall rock into the accumulating intracaldera tuff (Lipman, 1976;Suemnicht et al, 2006); (3) rapid growth of intracaldera lakes (Bethke and Hay, 2000;Bacon et al, 2002;Hildreth and Fierstein, 2016a); and (4) reaction of collapsed roof rocks with the magma left behind-the focus of the contribution at hand. Assimilation, reaction, or melting of country rocks at the roof or walls of rhyolitic magma chambers were discussed by Hildreth et al (1991), Duffield and Ruiz (1992), Gansecki et al (1996), Wolff et al (1999), and Bindeman and Valley (2000), but no definitive example is known to have demonstrated that such contamination took place in direct response to caldera collapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite in the Bishop Tuff and its effect on postcaldera oxygen fugacity

2017

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Several cubic kilometers of Paleozoic graphite-bearing argillitic country rocks are present as lithic fragments in Bishop Tuff ignimbrite and fallout. The lithics were entrained by the 650 km 3 of rhyolite magma that vented during the 5-to 6-day-long, caldera-forming eruption at Long Valley, California. The caldera is floored by a 350 km 2 roof plate that collapsed during the eruption and consists in large part of the Paleozoic strata that provided the abundant hornfelsed metapelitic lithic clasts in the tuff. Graphite has been identified by Raman spectroscopy, electron-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction as an irregularly dispersed component in the small fraction of Bishop Tuff pumice that is dark-colored. Carbon concentration has been determined in pumice, lithics, and wall rocks. Values of δ 13 C range from -21‰ to -29‰ Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) for pumice, lithics, and argillitic wall rocks, reflecting the biogenic origin of the reduced carbon in oxygen-limited black Paleozoic marine mudrocks. Carbonate contents, measured separately, are negligible in fresh pumice and lithics. Microprobe analyses of titanomagnetite-ilmenite pairs show that oxygen-fugacity values of numerous batches of postcaldera Early Rhyolite (750-640 ka; ~100 km 3 ) are up to one log unit more reduced than those of the temperature-oxygen fugacity (T-fO 2 ) array of the Bishop Tuff (767 ka), despite similar major-element compositions and Fe-Tioxide temperature ranges. All of the many batches of Early Rhyolite, which erupted episodically over an interval of ~125,000 years, yield the reduced fO 2 values, indicating that reaction with graphite lowered magmatic fO 2 after the caldera-forming eruption but before the first eruption of Early Rhyolite. It is inferred that reaction of postcaldera rhyolite magma with the reduced carbon in a great mass of subsided roof rocks lowered its fO 2 . It is suggested that comparable effects could have attended caldera collapse of other magma chambers hosted in continental sedimentary rocks.

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Long Valley Caldera Lake and reincision of Owens River Gorge

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative Rhyolite Systems: Inferences From Vent Patterns and Eruptive Episodicities: Eastern California and Laguna del Maule

Comparative Rhyolite Systems: Inferences From Vent Patterns and Eruptive Episodicities: Eastern California and Laguna del Maule

Taxonomy of the Speckled Dace Species Complex (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae, Rhinichthys) in California, USA

Graphite in the Bishop Tuff and its effect on postcaldera oxygen fugacity

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