Long Working Hours and Sleep Disturbances: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study

Virtanen, Marianna; Ferrie, Jane E.; Gimeno, David; Vahtera, Jussi; Elovainio, Marko; Singh‐Manoux, Archana; Marmot, Michael; Kivimäki, Mika

doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.737

Cited by 265 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Previous studies investigating the impact of long working hours on health used time standards for normal working hours and long working hours that differed from those used in this study. A cohort study conducted in the UK defined long working hours as working 55−60 hours a week, and studies in Japan defined long working hours as working more than 55 hours or working 61 hours or more 6,9,18) . Another study defined long working hours as working 45 hours or more a week 27) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study

Jeong

Rhie

Kim

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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ORs in the long-term were 2.90 (95% CI: 1.86−4.52) for working ≤40 hours, 1.73 (95% CI: 1.03−2.90) for working 48.1−52 hours and 3.46 (95% CI: 2.38−5.03) for working >52 hours compared with the 40.1−48-hour working group. Conclusions: Long working hours are related to an increased risk of CVDs, and the degree of risk differs based on CVD subtype. Short working hours are also related to an increased risk for CVDs. More prospective studies targeting specific disease risks are required. (J Occup Health 2013; 55: 385-391)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study

Jeong

Rhie

Kim

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…Shortened sleep due to long working hours or overtime may thus increase the likelihood of insufficient recovery from fatigue (9-11) and stressrelated diseases (12)(13)(14)(15). Therefore, an intervention to ensure adequate sleep is required to protect workers' health and well-being.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weekend sleep intervention for workers with habitually short sleep periods

Kubo¹,

Takahashi²,

Sato³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…A cohort study conducted in the UK reported that the OR for short sleep duration (<7 hours) was 3.24 (95% CI: 1.45−7.27) among subjects working >55 hours per week when those with 35−40 working hours per week were used as a reference 9) . In addition, large-scale cross-sectional studies conducted in Australia 10) and the USA 14) indicated that short sleep duration was associated with working long hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In November 2010, Kobayashi et al conducted a systematic review of studies published in 1998 or later on the role played by sleep duration in the association between working hours and cerebrovascular/cardiovascular diseases 8) . They found only two reports on the association between working hours and sleep duration (a cohort study in the UK 9) and a large-scale crosssectional study in Australia 10) ) and recommended further studies on this issue 8) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross‐sectional Study of the Association between Working Hours and Sleep Duration among the Japanese Working Population

Ohtsu

Kaneita

Aritake

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational Health

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A Cross‐sectional Study of the Association between Working Hours and Sleep Duration among the Japanese Working Population: Tadahiro OHTSU, et al. Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan— Objectives This study aimed to clarify the association between long working hours and short sleep duration among Japanese workers. Methods We selected 4,000 households from across Japan by stratified random sampling and conducted an interview survey of a total of 662 participants (372 men; 290 women) in November 2009. Logistic regression analyses were performed using “sleep duration <6 hours per day” as a dependent variable to examine the association between working hours/overtime hours and short sleep duration. Results When male participants who worked for ≥7 but <9 hours per day were used as a reference, the odds ratio (OR) for short sleep duration in those who worked for ≥11 hours was 8.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.94−18.86). With regard to overtime hours among men, when participants without overtime were used as a reference, the OR for those whose period of overtime was ≥3 hours but <4 hours was 3.59 (95% CI: 1.42−9.08). For both men and women, those with long weekday working hours tended to have a short sleep duration during weekdays and holidays. Conclusions It is essential to avoid working long hours in order to prevent short sleep duration.

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Long Working Hours and Sleep Disturbances: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: Working long hours appears to be a risk factor for the development of shortened sleeping hours and difficulty falling asleep.

Cited by 265 publications

References 39 publications

Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study

Working Hours and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Workers: A Case‐control Study

Weekend sleep intervention for workers with habitually short sleep periods

A Cross‐sectional Study of the Association between Working Hours and Sleep Duration among the Japanese Working Population

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