Longer Breastfeeding Associated with Childhood Anemia in Rural South-Eastern Nigeria

Buck, Sean; Rolnick, Kevin; Nwaba, Amanda; Eickhoff, Jens; Mezu-Nnabue, Kelechi; Esenwah, E.C.; Mezu‐Ndubuisi, Olachi J.

doi:10.1155/2019/9457981

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The finding that adolescents outperform other age groups on continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years should, however, be interpreted with caution as studies have shown that prolonged breastfeeding within the context of socioeconomic disadvantage may be associated with increased risk of malnutrition if not well supplemented with complementary foods. [72][73][74][75][76] Our findings support evidence provided by other studies that breastfeeding rates and practices vary across maternal age-groups. 52 53 69 70 Despite a general improvement in breastfeeding practices across time and in maternal age groups examined, our study also showed differential patterns in the changes reported over time across key breastfeeding indicators.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018

et al. 2020

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IntroductionOptimal breastfeeding practices have far-reaching health and economic benefits. Evidence suggests disparities in breastfeeding practices by maternal age-groups, with younger mothers often having lower rates of breastfeeding initiation, continuation and exclusivity compared with older mothers. There is limited knowledge of trends and factors associated with breastfeeding practices, particularly among adolescent and younger mothers in Nigeria. We examine key breastfeeding practices in Nigeria over a 15-year period, comparing adolescent mothers to young women.MethodsWe used four Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys collected between 2003 and 2018. We constructed six key breastfeeding indicators to cover the time period of breastfeeding from initiation to child age 24 months in women of three maternal age groups at the time of birth: young adolescents (<18 years), older adolescents (18–19.9 years) and young women (20–24.9 years). We used logistic regression to examine the association between maternal age group and select breastfeeding behaviours on the 2018 survey.ResultsAnalysis showed an increase in optimal breastfeeding practices across the four surveys and among all maternal age groups examined. Adolescent mothers had consistently lower prevalence for three of the six key breastfeeding indicators: early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding <6 months and no prelacteal feed. Compared with young women, adolescent mothers had a higher prevalence of continued breastfeeding at 1 and 2 years. In multivariate analysis, we found that maternal age group was not associated with early breastfeeding initiation or with exclusive breastfeeding <6 months. However, several sociodemographic (ethnicity, region of residence) and healthcare-related (mode of delivery, antenatal care, postnatal breastfeeding counselling) factors were strongly associated with these two practices.ConclusionsIn Nigeria, there is need to better support breastfeeding and nutritional practices in adolescents and young women focusing on ethnic groups (Hausa, Fulani, Kanuri/Beriberi) and geographic regions (South East) that are lagging behind.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018

et al. 2020

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“…Marol and Marol [13] mentioned in his study that delayed cord clamping (around 120-180 s) is associated with an improved iron status at 2-6 months of age. In a study done by Buck et al [15]. In Southeast Nigeria, concluded that breastfeeding for longer than 9.5 months was predictive of low to borderline Hb in 2-5 years old children, hence indicating towards the importance of an appropriate weaning period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Saranappa¹,

Wu²

2021

Indian J Child Health

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Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

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“…Exclusive breastfeeding is a risk factor for moderate to severe IDA among infants aged 6–12 months [ 14 ]. The longer the infant is breastfed, the worse the severity of childhood anemia [ 18 ]. In 2017, Hirata et al in Japan showed that the infant feeding method was the most significant risk factor for IDA, followed by exclusive breastfeeding, and partial breastfeeding, with formula feeding having the lowest risk [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Case-Control Study of the Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants in an Urban Community in Shanghai, China Between 2010–2015

Wang

Liu²,

Zhao

et al. 2020

Med Sci Monit

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Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global public health problem. This study aimed to analyze the social determinants of IDA in infants living in Shanghai, China, between 2010–2015. Material/Methods Data were analyzed retrospectively from the Shanghai Children’s Health Check Record system in the Tangqiao Community Health Service Center for infants aged <24 months between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. A study group was identified with IDA, and an age-matched and gender-matched healthy control group was identified. Results The five-year prevalence rate of IDA was 11.49% (150/1305). Infants with IDA had significantly lower birth weights (3228.720±456.200 gm vs. 3376.870±393.719 gm; P<0.01), a higher percentage of premature births (10.67% vs. 1.33%; P<0.001), a longer exclusive breastfeeding period (10.63±4.844 months vs. 7.08±5.039 months; P<0.001), a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding within four months after birth (P<0.001), a later start for complementary feeding (7.32±1.633 months vs. 6.93±1.794 months; P<0.05), and a higher rate of starting complementary feeding after 6 months of age (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups for maternal child-bearing age, mode of delivery, infant birth height, and birth rank. Conclusions The introduction of an iron-fortified formula for exclusively breastfed infants at 4 months of age, starting complementary feeding promptly before 6 months of age, and improving perinatal care for pregnant women to avoid premature birth and reduce low birth weight may be effective measures to prevent IDA.

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Longer Breastfeeding Associated with Childhood Anemia in Rural South-Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018

Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018

A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

A Retrospective Case-Control Study of the Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants in an Urban Community in Shanghai, China Between 2010–2015

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