Longer survival in female than male with hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

The survival of female cases of HCC was longer than that of male cases. Disparities in the type of follow-up for women in comparison to men exist and may contribute to gender disparities in survival. Women with a high risk for HCC tended to be better cared for during the follow-up. To reduce gender disparities in survival, efforts should be directed at the earlier identification of HCC.

Regular hospital visits improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after initial diagnosis: A single regional community hospital study

“…According to previous research that implied the cause of the sex difference in survival with HCC, women were more closely followed-up compared to men in the detection of early-stage HCC among high-risk patients (19). Our study also revealed that males were less likely to receive regular hepatologist visits.…”

“…Non-viral cause n=6 (5) Group B (regular visits to other divisions) n=41 (19) Group C (no hospital visits) n=12 (8) Figure 2). …”

“…For the gender difference in HCC, it has been reported that survival in HCC of women is better compared to men; however, the reason had not been clearly elucidated (19,20). According to previous research that implied the cause of the sex difference in survival with HCC, women were more closely followed-up compared to men in the detection of early-stage HCC among high-risk patients (19).…”

Factors predictive for long‐term survival of male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection

“…Many reports from several countries of different continents showed that the male gender was obviously predominant in the distribution of HCC in the individuals [2][3][4]. Besides, some published papers found better postoperative survival in female HCC patients than in males [13][14][15]. The reason that might account for our different results should be further studied.…”

Randomized Trial of Leuprorelin and Flutamide in Male Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tamoxifen

“…First, HCC mainly occurs in males (with a male/female ratio between 5 and 9 1 ), with a poorer outcome in males than in females. 7 Second, occurrence of HCC has been reported in patients treated with androgens 8 or in bodybuilders. 9 Third, serum testosterone has been found to be a predictive factor of HCC occurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus and cirrhosis 10 and in hepatitis B virus carriers.…”