Longevity of phytophagous heteropteran predators feeding on transgenic Btt‐potato plants

Armer, Christine A.; Berry, Ralph E.; Kogan, Marcos

doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00672.x

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Experimental assessments of the compatibility of GM crops on biological control agents 3.1. Effects of non-prey foods derived from insect-resistant crops Laboratory feeding assays indicate that pollen, vegetative tissues, and seeds from commercialized Bt events do not affect natural enemies in the laboratory (Pilcher et al, 1997;Armer et al, 2000;Lundgren and Wiedenmann, 2002;Geng et al, 2006;Mullin et al, 2005;Ludy and Lang, 2006b;Obrist et al, 2006b;Torres et al, 2006;Li et al, 2008) and there have been no consistent direct deleterious effects of Bt crops on field populations of predators (see below for a discussion on primary parasitoids in Bt crops). Other insecticidal compounds expressed by not-yet-commercialized GM plants, such as those expressing snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin; GNA) appear to be more deleterious to natural enemies.…”

Section: Conservation Tillage and Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

et al. 2009

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Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can affect the quantity and quality of non-prey foods for natural enemies, as well as the availability and quality of both target and non-target pests that serve as prey/hosts. When they are used to locally eradicate weeds, herbicide-tolerant crops alter the agricultural landscape by reducing or changing the remaining vegetational diversity. This vegetational diversity is fundamental to biological control when it serves as a source of habitat and nutritional resources. Some inherent qualities of both biological control and GM crops provide opportunities to improve upon sustainable IPM systems. For example, biological control agents may delay the evolution of pest resistance to GM crops, and suppress outbreaks of secondary pests not targeted by GM plants, while herbicide-tolerant crops facilitate within-field management of vegetational diversity that can enhance the efficacy of biological control agents. By examining the ecological compatibility of biological control and GM crops, and employing them within an IPM framework, the sustainability and profitability of farming may be improved. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. b s t r a c tInsect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can...

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Section: Conservation Tillage and Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

et al. 2009

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“…The toxin may, for example, be broken down by salivary enzymes during ingestion by a natural enemy before reaching the gut as suggested by Armer et al (2000). In particular, predators using extraoral digestion such as heteropteran, neuropteran or coleopteran species (Cohen, 1995) may break down the toxin during ingestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Activity of Cry1Ab Toxin Expressed by Bt Maize Following Ingestion by Herbivorous Arthropods and Exposure of the Predator Chrysoperla carnea

et al. 2006

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A major concern regarding the deployment of insect resistant transgenic plants is their potential impact on non-target organisms, in particular on beneficial arthropods such as predators. To assess the risks that transgenic plants pose to predators, various experimental testing systems can be used. When using tritrophic studies, it is important to verify the actual exposure of the predator, i.e., the presence of biologically active toxin in the herbivorous arthropod (prey). We therefore investigated the uptake of Cry1Ab toxin by larvae of the green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens); Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) after consuming two Bt maize-fed herbivores (Tetranychus urticae Koch; Acarina: Tetranychidae and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by means of an immunological test (ELISA) and the activity of the Cry1Ab toxin following ingestion by the herbivores. Moreover, we compared the activity of Cry1Ab toxin produced by Bt maize to that of purified toxin obtained from transformed Escherichia coli, which is recommended to be used in toxicity studies. The activity of the toxin was assessed by performing feeding bioassays with larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hu¨bner); Lepidoptera: Crambidae), the target pest of Cry1Ab expressing maize. ELISA confirmed the ingestion of Bt toxin by C. carnea larvae when fed with either of the two prey species and feeding bioassays using the target pest showed that the biological activity of the Cry1Ab toxin is maintained after ingestion by both herbivore species. These findings are discussed in the context of previous risk assessment studies with C. carnea. The purified Cry1Ab protein was more toxic to O. nubilalis compared to the plant-derived Cry1Ab toxin when applied at equal concentrations according to ELISA measurements. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

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“…The interactions between insect-resistant plants and predators are being studied (Orr and Boethel 1986, Farid et al 1997, Sharma et al 2007, Barraclough et al, 2009); however, the association of the predator P. nigrispinus with cotton cultivars resistant to S, frugiperda requires further investigation. Therefore, we studied the biology and behavior of the predator P. nigrispinus with the prey S, frugiperda fed on transgenic and conventional cotton cultivars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior, Development, and Predation of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Cultivars

Jesus

Boiça²,

Alves

et al. 2014

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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The association of insect-resistant plants with biological control is important in integrated management to reduce the density of pests below the economic injury level. The behavior, development, and prédation of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were studied with the prey Spodoptera frugiperda (J, E. Smith, 1797) fed on the leaves of the cotton cultivars 'NuOpal' (transgenic), 'DeltaOpal,' 'EMX 910,' 'EMX 993,' or 'FMX 996' (conventional). The attraction of P. nigrispinus to S. frugiperda larvae fed on different cotton cultivars was similar. The prédation of nymphs and adults, and the life cycle of the P. nigrispinus predator were higher for S. frugiperda larvae fed on the NuOpal; however, the total viability of P, nigrispinus was lower when predating on S. frugiperda fed the NuOpal. S, frugiperda acquires toxins from transgenic cotton, which can affect its natural predator P. nigrispinus.

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Longevity of phytophagous heteropteran predators feeding on transgenic Btt‐potato plants

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

Biological Activity of Cry1Ab Toxin Expressed by Bt Maize Following Ingestion by Herbivorous Arthropods and Exposure of the Predator Chrysoperla carnea

Behavior, Development, and Predation of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Cultivars

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