Longitudinal Changes in Adiposity Associated With Pregnancy

Smith, Delia E.

doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510460039030

Cited by 238 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Estimates of pregnancy-related weight gain from cohort studies of pregnant women range from 0.5 to 1.5 kg for white subjects, and up to 3 kg for black subjects by 6-18 months postpartum. [6][7][8][9][10] These estimates may be inflated by under-reporting error of one or more kg based on self-reported pregravid weight 11,12 and weight gain unrelated to pregnancy from secular trends and age-related changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prospective studies including nonparous comparison groups that obtained weight measurements before and after pregnancy have corrected for the biases identified above. 3,5 In these studies, excess weight gain associated with a single birth has been estimated at 2-3 kg. 3,5 While our previous 5-y analysis found that excess gain was associated with the first birth but not subsequent births, 3 another study of 10-y weight change found no excess weight gain after the first birth, but a gain of 1.7 kg per additional birth among multiparas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared women with and without pregnancies or births during follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, longitudinal observational study over 10 years. Comparison groups defined by the number of pregnancies and births during follow-up: P0 (0 pregnancies; nongravid), P1 (1 þ miscarriages or abortions; 'short' pregnancies), B1 (1 birth), and B2 (2 þ births). Mean changes in weight and WC for P1, B1 and B2 groups vs P0 were examined separately by race (black and white), baseline parity (nulliparous and parous) and baseline weight status (normal weight; BMI o25 kg/m 2 and overweight; BMI Z25 kg/m 2 ). SUBJECTS: A population-based sample of 2070 women aged 18-30 y at baseline (1053 black subjects and 1017 white subjects) from Birmingham, Alabama, Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California were examined five times between 1985-1986 and 1995-1996. MEASURMENTS: Weight and WC measurements were obtained using standardized protocol at baseline and examinations at years 2, 5, 7 and 10. Sociodemographic, reproductive, and behavioral attributes were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Gains in weight and WC associated with pregnancy and childbearing varied by race (Po0.001), baseline parity (Po0.05) and overweight status (Po0.001). Among overweight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (black subjects: 3-5 kg, white subjects: 5-6 kg) and WC (black subjects: 3-4 cm, white subjects: 5-6 cm) were associated with 'short' pregnancies and one or more birth(s) during follow-up compared to no pregnancies (Po0.01 and 0.001). Among normal weight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (about 1 kg) and WC (2-3 cm) were associated with follow-up birth(s) (Po0.05). Among women parous at baseline, no excess weight gains were found, but excess WC gains (2-4 cm) were associated with follow-up births. CONCLUSION: Substantial excess weight gain is associated with both short pregnancies and a first birth in women overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. Excess weight gain was not associated with higher order births. Increases in waist girth were cumulative with both first and higher order births among overweight as well as normal weight women. Interventions to prevent obesity should be targeted at women who are overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. The impact of excess WC gains associated with childbearing on women's future health risk should be evaluated further.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

et al. 2004

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“…Postpartum weight retention is highly variable, but has been consistently associated with a small number of important risk factors including black race (6)(7)(8) , pre-pregnancy weight (9) and the amount of weight gained during pregnancy (10,11) . Protective factors are less well studied, but include modifiable behavioural strategies such as healthy diet and physical activity (12)(13)(14)(15) and mode of infant feeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breast-feeding on weight retention at 3 and 6 months postpartum: data from the North Carolina WIC Programme

Krause

Lovelady

Peterson

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Pregnancy-related weight retention can contribute to obesity, and breast-feeding may facilitate postpartum weight loss. We investigated the effect of breast-feeding on postpartum weight retention. Design: A retrospective follow-up study of weight retention, compared in women who were fully breast-feeding, combining breast-feeding with formula-feeding (mixed feeding), or formula-feeding at 3 months (n 14 330) or 6 months (n 4922) postpartum, controlling for demographic and weight-related covariates using multiple linear regression. Setting: The North Carolina Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Subjects: Participants in the North Carolina WIC Programme who delivered a baby between 1996 and 2004. Results: In covariate-adjusted analyses, there was no association between breastfeeding and weight retention at 3 months postpartum. At 6 months postpartum, as compared to formula-feeders, mean weight retention was 0?84 kg lower in mixed feeders (95 % CI 0?39, 1?29; P 5 0?0002) and 1?38 kg lower in full breast-feeders (95 % CI 0?89, 1?87; P # 0?0001). Conclusions: Breast-feeding was inversely associated with weight retention at 6 months postpartum in this large, racially diverse sample of low-income women. Further, full breast-feeding had a larger protective effect than did breast-feeding combined with formula-feeding.

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“…Estes incluem variáveis relacionadas à história reprodutiva, sobretudo à paridade (Arroyo et al, 1995;Billewicz & Thomson, 1970;Brown et al, 1992;Coitinho, 1998;Heliovara & Aromaa, 1981;Newcombe, 1982), à intensidade da lactação (Barbosa et al, 1997;Butte & Hopkinson, 1998;Dewey et al, 1993;Kramer et al, 1993;Potter et al, 1991), à atividade físi-ca (Boardley et al, 1995;Dewey, 1998aDewey, , 1998bLovelady et al, 2000), assim como fatores ligados ao estilo de vida no pós-parto (Leermakers et al, 1998;Ohlin & Rossner, 1990Parham et al, 1990;Rossner, 1992;Sampselle et al, 1999;Schauberger et al, 1992;Smith et al, 1994).…”

Section: Determinantes Da Retenção De Peso E Da Obesidade Em Mulheresunclassified

“…A adoção desses grupos permite isolar o efeito da paridade no aumento de peso, o que torna as estimativas sobre mudanças de peso no pós-parto mais acuradas. Apenas quatro estudos prospectivos incluíram grupos de comparação (Rookus et al, 1987;Smith et al, 1994;Williamson et al, 1994;Wolfe et al, 1997), já que essa estratégia metodológi-ca nem sempre é factível, apesar de ser importante para aumentar a acurácia das estimativas.…”

Section: Questões Metodológicas Sobre Desenhosunclassified

Fatores determinantes da retenção de peso no pós-parto: uma revisão da literatura

Kac

2001

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Longitudinal Changes in Adiposity Associated With Pregnancy

Cited by 238 publications

References 26 publications

Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

Effect of breast-feeding on weight retention at 3 and 6 months postpartum: data from the North Carolina WIC Programme

Fatores determinantes da retenção de peso no pós-parto: uma revisão da literatura

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