Longitudinal Changes in Crystalline Lens Parameters in Childhood

Mutti, Donald O.; Zadnik, Karla; Fusaro, Robert E.; Friedman, Nina E.; Sholtz, Robert I.; Adams, Anthony J.

doi:10.1097/00006324-199512001-00150

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…But as the lens diameter increases over time by the pull of the ciliary fibres, the lens is stretched outwards instead. 338 Once the lens diameter stabilises at 10-14 years of age, fibre growth becomes the dominant factor and gradually makes the lens thicker and rounder. Fibre growth also accounts for the initial increase in the equivalent index (n L ) and its later decrease since the flat, developing gradient adds optical power to the surface power that is already present, while an older, much denser lens core leads to a steeper gradient index and a loss in total lens power (Figure 2g), even while the surface power is increasing.…”

Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation

Rozema

2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Refractive development in utero is an impressive feat of prenatal growth as it brings the tiny infant eye to near hypermetropia without the assistance of a retinal image to guide visual development. After birth, the eye undergoes emmetropisation, a period during which most eyes see their cycloplegic refractive error evolve towards a value close to +1 D. Once this is reached, eye growth enters a phase of homeostasis when the eye continues to grow while maintaining its refractive error at mild hypermetropia through a gradual loss of crystalline lens power.Although emmetropisation was first described over 100 years ago by Straub, 1 its exact nature remains unclear. Straub and subsequent authors 2-4 knew that the refractive error could only be minimised if the refractive components of the eye could coordinate their growth rates, but there was no agreement on how this was accomplished.

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Section: Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation

Rozema

2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…showed that the equatorial growth of the crystalline lens ceases earlier in myopes compared to the 24 non-myopes (Mutti et al, 1998). They predicted that the failure of the lens to compensate for the 25 axial growth of the eye could lead to an increased tension on the choroid and hinder 26 accommodation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Are high lags of accommodation in myopic children due to motor deficits?

Labhishetty

Bobier

2017

Vision Research

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Phone: +12269783740The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://doi.org/10.1016Elsevier via http://doi.org/10. /j.visres.2016Elsevier via http://doi.org/10. .11.001 © 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the .0/ Highlights 1. Blur accommodation but not convergence accommodation (CA/C) is reduced in myopes. 2. Myopes show a similar rate of change in the response dynamics like the emmetropes. 3. Atypical response patterns exist with blur accommodation but decrease with age. 4. Pure sensory or motor deficit doesn't predict the abnormal behavior in myopes. 5. Model simulation with altered sensory and motor gain predicts the myopic behavior.Children with a progressing myopia exhibit an abnormal pattern of high accommodative lags coupled with high accommodative convergence (AC/A) and high accommodative adaptation. This is not predicted by the current models of accommodation and vergence. Reduced accommodative plant gain and reduced sensitivity to blur have been suggested as potential causes for this abnormal behavior. These etiologies were tested by altering parameters (sensory, controller and plant gains) in the Simulink model of accommodation. Predictions were then compared to the static and dynamic blur accommodation (BA) measures taken using a Badal optical system on 12 children (6 emmetropes and 6 myopes, 8-13 years) and 6 adults (20-35 years). Other critical parameters such as CA/C, AC/A, and accommodative adaptation were also measured. Usable BA responses were classified as either typical or atypical. Typical accommodation data confirmed the abnormal pattern of myopia along with an unchanged CA/C. Main sequence relationship remained invariant between myopic and non-myopic children. An overall reduction was noted in the response dynamics such as peak velocity and acceleration with age. Neither a reduced plant gain nor reduced blur sensitivity could predict the abnormal accommodative behavior. A model adjustment reflecting a reduced accommodative sensory gain (ASG) coupled with an increased AC cross-link gain and reduced vergence adaptive gain does predict the empirical findings. Empirical measures also showed a greater frequency of errors in accommodative response generation (atypical responses) in both myopic and control children compared to adults.

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“…It has been documented that equatorial restriction of the growing eye has the potential to accentuate axial elongation, whereas uniform eye growth may benefit myopia retardation. 18 Therefore, the third-year follow-up study supported our assumption from the 2-year RCT study, 20 namely that the mechanism of myopia control using DIMS lenses may be that the constant myopic defocus influenced eye growth in a uniform pattern. The uniform eye growth associated with this myopia control treatment has also been observed with other myopia control interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…13,14 Although a relationship between RPR and myopia onset or myopia progression could not be established, RPR changes may indirectly describe the retinal shape and reflect different patterns of eye growth. [15][16][17] It has been proposed that a uniform pattern of eye growth that presents both peripheral and foveal eye growth might be a mechanism for maintaining emmetropic status 18 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in relative peripheral refraction in children who switched from single‐vision lenses to Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments lenses

Zhang

Lam

Tang

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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It has been suggested that the peripheral retina plays an essential role in eye growth and emmetropisation as there are more retinal neurons in the periphery than in the central fovea. 1 Numerous animal studies have suggested that peripheral visual input through form deprivation and lens induction could also guide eye growth. [2][3][4] The earliest proposal that peripheral refraction led to human myopia development came from Hoogerheide et al. 5 They measured refractive error in the horizontal visual field of young hyperopes and emmetropes who

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Longitudinal Changes in Crystalline Lens Parameters in Childhood

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation

Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation

Are high lags of accommodation in myopic children due to motor deficits?

Changes in relative peripheral refraction in children who switched from single‐vision lenses to Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments lenses

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