Longitudinal Characterization of Coccidiosis Control Methods on Live Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Broilers

Gautier, Alyson Elaine; Latorre, Juan D.; Matsler, P. L.; Rochell, S.J.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00468

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to the comparatively longer challenge period, study 2 measured intestinal health as changes to both intestinal structure and permeability over time. Histomorphological responses to coccidiosis are characterized by reduced VH and increased CrD ultimately resulting in a reduced VH:CrD occurring around 7 dpi ( Assis et al., 2010 ; Gautier et al., 2020 ). Duodenal histomorphology changes attributed to Eimeria inoculation in this study were in accordance with these previously reported outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae-based feed ingredient protects intestinal health during Eimeria challenge and alters systemic immune responses with differential outcomes observed during acute feed restriction

2021

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Compounds in microalgae-derived feed ingredients in poultry diets may improve intestinal physiology and immunity to protect against damage induced by physiological and pathogen challenges, but mechanisms are examined sparingly. The study objective was to evaluate changes to intestinal morphology, permeability, and systemic immunity in broilers fed a proprietary microalgae ingredient during 2 separate challenge studies. In study 1, two replicate 28 d battery cage trials used 200 Ross 308 broilers each (n = 400) fed a control diet ± 0.175% algae ingredient. Half of the birds were subjected to a 12 h feed restriction challenge and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran ( FITC-D ) intestinal permeability assay on d 28. Study 2 used 800 broilers randomly assigned to the same dietary treatments and housed in floor pens for 42 d. At d 14, intestine and spleen samples were collected from 10 birds/ diet. Half of the remainder was orally inoculated with 10X Coccivac-B52 vaccine in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment design (diet and Eimeria inoculation). The FITC-D assay was conducted at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d post-inoculation ( pi ) while intestinal and spleen samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 28 dpi for histomorphology and flow cytometric immune cell assessment. Study 1 validated intestinal leakage via FITC-D absorbance induced by feed restriction but showed no algae-associated protective effects. In study 2, algae preserved intestinal integrity during coccidiosis ( P = 0.04) and simultaneously protected jejunal villus height as early as 7dpi ( P < 0.0001), whereas intestinal damage resolution in control birds did not occur until 14 dpi. Algae inclusion increased splenic T cells in unchallenged broilers at d 14 by 29.6% vs. control ( P < 0.0001), specifically γδ T cell populations, without impacting performance ( P < 0.03). During Eimeria challenge, splenic T cells in algae-fed birds did not show evidence of recruitment to peripheral tissues, while control birds showed a 16.7% reduction compared to their uninoculated counterparts from 3 to 7 dpi ( P < 0.0001). This evidence suggests the algae ingredient altered the immune response in a manner that reduced recruitment from secondary lymphoid organs in addition to protecting intestinal physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae-based feed ingredient protects intestinal health during Eimeria challenge and alters systemic immune responses with differential outcomes observed during acute feed restriction

2021

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“…Besides several control measures adopted, complete prevention of the disease seems impossible, especially in intensive poultry rearing. In addition, use of anticoccidial pharmaceuticals has been under scrutiny, and vaccination using live oocysts of Eimeria has implications on bird growth and nutrient utilization ( Gautier et al., 2020 ; Rasheed et al., 2020 ). However, appropriate immunomodulation and nutritional intervention may be helpful in counteracting the negative effects of Eimeria infection on growth ( Shanmugasundaram et al., 2013 ; Morris et al., 2015 ; Rochell et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation with anti–IL-10 antibody during a severe Eimeria challenge in broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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Attenuation of host IL-10 activity during Eimeria infection may elicit a robust Th1 response to eliminate the parasite from the gut epithelium. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding IL-10 neutralizing antibody delivered via a dried egg product ( DEP ) on growth performance, immune responsivity, and gut health outcomes during a severe challenge with either Eimeria acervulina (study 1) or Eimeria tenella (study 2) following FDA CVM #217 protocol to test anticoccidial products. A total of 720 male Ross 308 chicks were used in each study, with 15 replicate cages of 12 birds and the following 4 treatments: sham-inoculated (uninfected) control diet ( UCON ), Eimeria -infected control diet ( ICON ), and Eimeria -infected control diet supplemented with DEP at 2 levels (165 [I-165] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 1 and 143 [I-143] or 287 [I-287] U/tonne in study 2). Individual birds assigned to infected treatment groups received a single oral dose of either 200,000 E. acervulina (study 1) or 80,000 E. tenella (study 2) oocysts at 12 d of age (i.e., d post inoculation [ DPI ] 0), whereas uninfected birds were sham-inoculated with tap water. A one-way ANOVA was performed on outcomes including growth performance, hematology, serum chemistry profiles, immunophenotyping profiles, and intestinal lesion scores. In both studies, DPI 0 to 7 weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were worse ( P < 0.05) in all infected groups compared with the UCON group. Compared with ICON, DEP supplementation elicited no differences on overall growth performance. Histopathology and lesion scores revealed severe damage to the gut epithelium owing to the Eimeria challenge, yet DEP supplementation did not improve these outcomes or oocyst shedding, hematological measurements, or serum chemistry. However, DEP supplementation improved ( P < 0.05) the percentage of circulating CD3 + cells at 6 DPI in study 2. These results indicate that DEP does not appear to elicit a coccidiostatic effect during a severe infection with E. acervulina or E. tenella .

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“…The disease has serious economic implications for the poultry industry worldwide as it affects growth and productivity of birds. Besides poor absorption, Eimeria infection reduces digestibility of nutrients along with an increase in nutrient demand to support host immunity ( Rochell et al., 2016 ; Gautier et al., 2020 ). Because of better flock management strategies, severe outbreaks of coccidiosis are rare in modern poultry operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of methylsulfonylmethane and neutralizing anti–IL-10 antibody supplementation during a mild Eimeria challenge infection in broiler chickens

Rasheed

Tiwari

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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A 28-day experiment was conducted in broilers to study the effects of feeding methylsulfonylmethane ( MSM ) and IL-10–neutralizing antibody from dried egg product ( DEP ) on the growth performance, immune responsivity, oxidative stress parameters, and gut health outcomes during a mild infection with mixed species of Eimeria . A total of 500 male Ross 308 chicks were allocated to five treatments: sham-inoculated (uninfected) chickens fed control diet ( UCON ), Eimeria -infected chickens fed control diet ( ICON ), and Eimeria -infected chickens fed control diet supplemented with 287 U/tonne of DEP ( I-DEP ), 0.4% MSM, or their combination (I-DEP-MSM), with 10 replicate cages of 10 birds per treatment. All infected groups received 1 mL of an oral inoculum containing Eimeria acervulina (10,000 oocysts), Eimeria maxima (5,000 oocysts), and Eimeria tenella (5,000 oocysts) on study days 7 and 14. Data were analyzed as a two-way ANOVA for all treatments including Eimeria -infected groups, in addition to a single degree of freedom contrast to compare uninfected and infected groups receiving the control diet. Mild Eimeria infection did not influence the growth performance in ICON compared with UCON at any time points. Overall (day 0–28) growth performance parameters were not influenced by either infection or dietary supplementation of MSM or DEP. However, birds in I-DEP-MSM showed improved ADG during study day 7 to 14 (i.e., 7 d after primary inoculation) indicating a beneficial effect immediately after Eimeria infection. Although MSM supplementation reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (day 21 and 28), both MSM and DEP improved the total antioxidant capacity (day 21) in the plasma of infected birds. Histopathological outcomes were not influenced by treatments, and fecal oocyst output was higher in MSM- and DEP-supplemented groups than with ICON, indicating no beneficial effects. Similarly, expression of cecal inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1β, and interferon-γ) was not affected by MSM, DEP, or their combination. Overall, the current results suggest that both MSM and DEP supplementation may benefit birds during a mild Eimeria infection as indicated by improvements in ADG and oxidative stress outcomes.

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Longitudinal Characterization of Coccidiosis Control Methods on Live Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Broilers

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Algae-based feed ingredient protects intestinal health during Eimeria challenge and alters systemic immune responses with differential outcomes observed during acute feed restriction

Algae-based feed ingredient protects intestinal health during Eimeria challenge and alters systemic immune responses with differential outcomes observed during acute feed restriction

Dietary supplementation with anti–IL-10 antibody during a severe Eimeria challenge in broiler chickens

Effects of methylsulfonylmethane and neutralizing anti–IL-10 antibody supplementation during a mild Eimeria challenge infection in broiler chickens

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