Longitudinal relations of <scp>self‐criticism</scp> with disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal <scp>self‐injury</scp>

Zelkowitz, Rachel L.; Cole, David A.

doi:10.1002/eat.23284

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Hence, we developed a novel intervention for young adults, designed to reduce self‐criticism and increase self‐compassion. Self‐criticism is positively associated with appearance comparison, unfavorable social comparisons, and disordered eating (Duarte et al, 2016; Gilbert et al, 2006; Gilbert et al, 2010; Sturman & Mongrain, 2005; Zelkowitz & Cole, 2019), and predicts disordered eating behaviors longitudinally (Zelkowitz & Cole, 2020). Self‐criticism acts as a mediator, for example in the relationships between overvaluation of shape, weight, and eating and shame in people with eating disorders (Duarte et al, 2016) and body image shame and binge‐eating (Duarte et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study

Valle

Wade

2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a selfcriticism intervention addressing the link between appearance-motivated social media use and eating disorder risk. Another condition, designed to help users curate their social media feed to reduce negative impacts on wellbeing, was also trialed as an active and credible comparison.Method: University students aged 17-25 (N = 170) were screened and randomized (n = 130) to the self-criticism intervention, social media curation, or waitlist control group.The intervention comprised self-guided cognitive behavior therapy delivered in four modules over 1 week. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Secondary outcomes were appearance motivations for social media use, appearance comparison, self-criticism, body image flexibility, and disordered eating (at baseline, one-week postrandomization, and two-weeks postrandomization). Trial registration: ACTRN12621000353897.Results: Participants completed an average of 82% of the intervention modules and 77% of the homework exercises within the week allocated. The intervention was well-accepted; participants reported a range of positive aspects, alongside suggested modifications to the intervention and study design to improve acceptability. Group by time interactions suggested groups changed at a different rate on three secondary outcomes; between-groups effect sizes suggested this was due to greater improvements in the self-criticism group than waitlist control.Discussion: This was the first study to evaluate an intervention for the link between appearance-related social media use and eating disorder risk for young adults. Positive findings relating to feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy suggest a larger randomized controlled trial, with modifications to the intervention and study design, is warranted.Public significance: Appearance-related social media use has been linked to poorer body image and disordered eating, necessitating treatments that can disrupt this relationship. The self-criticism intervention evaluated in this study shows promise as a strategy to address this need. It is the first intervention focused on appearancerelated social media use to be designed for and tested in young adults, who are at heightened risk of developing an eating disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study

Valle

Wade

2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Consistent with this perspective, self-criticism has been suggested as a strong predictor of the psychopathology of eating disorders (Fennig et al, 2008) in patients with binge eating disorders (Dunkley and Grilo, 2007) and college students (Porter et al, 2018). Self-criticism also seems to have significant longitudinal relations with fasting, purging, and excessive exercise (Zelkowitz and Cole, 2020). It involves negative selfevaluations and feelings of inadequacy or worthlessness (Gilbert et al, 2004).…”

Section: Psychological and Weight-related Variables Associated With L...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Exploring Correlates of Loss of Control Eating in a Nonclinical Sample

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveLoss of control (LOC) eating has been directly related to the core aspects of the psychopathology of eating disorders and to different dimensions of emotion and behavior regulation and self-criticism. This study investigates a model representing the interplay between these dimensions to understand LOC eating among a nonclinical sample.MethodsA total of 341 participants, recruited in a college campus (mean age 23.21, SD = 6.02), completed a set of self-report measures assessing LOC eating, weight suppression, psychopathology of eating disorders, depression, negative urgency, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-criticism. Path analysis modeling tested a hypothesized model with 3 paths for LOC eating as follows: (1) psychopathology of eating disorders; (2) emotion and behavior regulation; and (3) interplay between these paths.ResultsWe found goodness-of-fit indexes to our data: χ2 = 17.11, df = 10, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.045, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.041, suggesting that: (1) participants with higher weight suppression showed higher degrees of the psychopathology of eating disorders, which was linked to higher levels of LOC eating; (2) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and depression/negative urgency; (3) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and disorder eating, which was significantly associated with LOC eating via increased negative urgency.ConclusionOur model shows that LOC eating occurs for individuals with the psychopathology of higher eating disorders who experience depressive symptoms and act rashly under distress for their inability to cope adequately with negative feelings of self-devaluation. These findings point to the importance of negative self-evaluations and feelings of inadequacy or worthlessness to understand LOC eating among college students.

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“…We hypothesized that (a) the latent factors would be strongly related to but distinct from each other and (b) the unique characteristics between each latent factor would help to clarify the theoretical distinctions between the constructs. Given the robust associations between each self-evaluative construct and depressive symptoms (Porter et al, 2019), disordered eating (Tylka & Sabik, 2010; Zelkowitz & Cole, 2020), substance abuse (Carvajal et al, 1998; Rahim & Patton, 2015; Skinner & Veilleux, 2016), suicide ideation (SI; Bhar et al, 2008; Bryan et al, 2013; O’Connor & Noyce, 2008), and nonsuicidal self-injury (Forrester et al, 2017; Mahtani et al, 2019; Zelkowitz & Cole, 2018), we examined the practical utility of the NSES by evaluating the associations of the NSES subscales with those clinical outcomes in comparison to commonly used existing scales of self-esteem, shame, and self-criticism.…”

Section: Conceptual Differences Between Self-esteem Shame and Self-cr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low levels of discriminant validity between self-report measures of self-esteem, shame, and self-criticism: Implications for the measurement of self-evaluation and creation of the Negative Self-Evaluation Scale.

Porter¹,

Mournet²,

Lachowicz³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

Self Cite

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This article examined the discriminant and convergent validity of commonly used self-report measures of self-criticism, self-esteem, and shame. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using multiple self-report measures of each construct showed low levels of discriminant validity between self-reported self-esteem, shame, and self-criticism and instead demonstrated correspondingly high levels of shared variance. However, bifactor analyses on the items across each measure suggested that self-report measures of self-esteem, shame, and self-criticism may contain distinct characteristics that are underrepresented in current measures of each construct. Based on the factor loadings in item-level bifactor analyses, a new measure, the Negative Self-Evaluation Scale (NSES), was constructed to improve the assessment of the unique characteristics of shame, self-esteem, and self-criticism. Implications for current and future practices concerning the measurement of each construct are discussed.

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Longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study

Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study

Exploring Correlates of Loss of Control Eating in a Nonclinical Sample

Low levels of discriminant validity between self-report measures of self-esteem, shame, and self-criticism: Implications for the measurement of self-evaluation and creation of the Negative Self-Evaluation Scale.

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