Longitudinal Study of Dust and Airborne Endotoxin in the Home

Park, Ju‐Hyeong; Spiegelman, Donna; Burge, Harriet A.; Gold, Diane R.; Chew, Ginger L.; Milton, Donald K.

doi:10.2307/3434953

Cited by 78 publications

(167 citation statements)

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“…Repeated endotoxin measurements in 35 children's homes in Taiwan revealed statistically significant higher concentrations in spring and fall which were twofold the levels observed in winter and summer dust concentrations (Su et al, 2001). A study in 20 homes from the Greater Boston area did not suggest a consistent temporal pattern in endotoxin levels in settled dust (Park et al, 2000). Endotoxin concentrations in the kitchen floor dust was highest in spring and lowest in fall, whereas a seasonal influence on endotoxin levels in bed and bedroom floor dust was not observed.…”

Section: Endotoxinmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…To examine to what extent the correlations were influenced by seasonal and regional differences and also to characterize the seasonal variation itself, we used mixed-effects models, similar to those described by Park et al (2000). We modelled the log-transformed concentrations as the sum of fixed region effects (Erfurt, Hamburg, Zerbst, Bitterfeld, Hettstedt), fixed seasonal effects (Jan-Mar, Apr-Jun, Jul-Sep, Oct-Dec), random home effects and random deviations within homes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only Park et al (2000), reported correlation coefficients between the repeated measurements of 0.76 for bed dust and 0.40 for bedroom floor dust samples, which were statistically significant.…”

Section: Associations Between First and Second Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Three studies in Brazil, the US and Taiwan measured endotoxin in more than 12 dust samples collected monthly during a year from in a relatively small sample of homes (Rizzo et al, 1997 (n ¼ 20 homes); Park et al, 2000 (n ¼ 20 homes); Su et al, 2001 (n ¼ 35 homes)). Only Park et al (2000), reported correlation coefficients between the repeated measurements of 0.76 for bed dust and 0.40 for bedroom floor dust samples, which were statistically significant.…”

Section: Associations Between First and Second Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The within-home variability for b (1,3)-glucans and culturable fungi was large and in case of fungi even exceeded the between-home variability suggesting that a one-time measurement to assess long-term exposure to fungi may not be valid. Only few studies have been published on repeated measurements of endotoxin in house dust (Rizzo et al, 1997, Gereda et al, 2000, Park et al, 2000, Su et al, 2001. Therefore, we investigated seasonal variability of allergen, endotoxin and fungi in house dust in a large sample of German homes under temperate climatic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Heinrich

Hölscher

Douwes

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

100

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Measurements of biocontaminants in settled house dust once a year are commonly used to assess long-term exposure. To examine stability over time and seasonal variation, we measured concentrations of mite and cat allergens, endotoxin and mold spores in living room floor dust in 745 German homes collected twice a year in two different seasons. The study population consisted of adults and children living in five different areas in Germany. All dust samples were collected in a standardized manner from the living room floor and taken during the years 1995 to 1998. The median interval between the two dust samplings was approximately 7 months. Mite and cat allergens were measured in settled house dust by monoclonal antibodies, endotoxin by the limulus amebocyte lysate method, and total spore counts by cultural methods. Crude Pearson's correlation coefficients between logtransformed concentrations in the first and second dust samples ranged between 0.65 and 0.75 for allergens, 0.59 for endotoxin and only 0.06 for total spore counts. The strongest and most consistent seasonal effects were observed for fungi with highest levels in July-September. Cat allergen concentrations were found consistently to be increased in January-March. Mite allergens did not show a strong and consistent seasonal pattern. We conclude that repeated measurements of mite and cat allergens and endotoxin in settled house dust improve the estimate for annual mean concentrations. However, even a single observation of these biocontaminants may be a good proxy for a 1-year exposure since repeated measures were highly correlated. However, repeated measurements of fungi levels were only weakly correlated and thus repeated observations for assessment of annual means of total spore counts are needed.

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Section: Endotoxinmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Associations Between First and Second Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Associations Between First and Second Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Heinrich

Hölscher

Douwes

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

100

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Urban enhancement of PM₁₀ bioaerosol tracers relative to background locations in the Midwestern United States

et al. 2016

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Bioaerosols are well-known immune-active particles that exacerbate respiratory diseases. Human exposures to bioaerosols and their resultant health impacts depend on their ambient concentrations, seasonal and spatial variation, and co-pollutants, which are not yet widely characterized. In this study, chemical and biological tracers of bioaerosols were quantified in respirable particulate matter (PM10) collected at three urban and three background sites in the Midwestern United States across four seasons in 2012. Endotoxins from gram negative bacteria (and a few gram positive bacteria), water-soluble proteins, and tracers for fungal spores (fungal glucans, arabitol and mannitol) were ubiquitous and showed significant seasonal variation and dependence on temperature. Fungal spores were elevated in spring and peaked in summer, following the seasonal growing cycle, while endotoxins peaked in autumn during the row crop harvesting season. Paired comparisons of bioaerosols in urban and background sites revealed significant urban enhancements in PM10, fungal glucans, endotoxins and water-soluble proteins relative to background locations, such that urban populations have a greater outdoor exposure to bioaerosols. These bioaerosols contribute, in part, to the urban excesses in PM10. Higher bioaerosol mass fractions in urban areas relative to background sites indicate that urban areas serve as a source of bioaerosols. Similar urban enhancements in water-soluble calcium and its correlation with bioaerosol tracers point towards wind-blown soil as an important source of bioaerosols in urban areas.

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Sampling of Surface Dust in Buildings

Schneider¹

2003

Indoor Environment

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IntroductionSurfaces affect the indoor environment quality. By acting as sources and sinks for air contaminants they influence exposure of the room occupants. Moreover, surfaces and their contaminants affect the visual impression of the rooms. The degree to which the amount of surface dust affects the indoor environment needs to be assessed by quantitative measurements. This chapter begins with presenting a simple conceptual model including the compartments and transport processes that ultimately lead to exposure of room occupants by inhalation, ingestion, dermal uptake, or by visual perception. The model is then used to structure the presentation of measurement principles. Sources of variability in surface dust concentrations are listed that need to be known in order to design cost-effective sampling strategies. Finally, specific sampling methods are described. It has been the intention in this chapter to present key elements of surface dust sampling, which the investigator can use to design a sampling protocol for a particular task. For details of the quoted methods, the reader is referred to the original papers. Aspects of sampling that are specific for microorganisms, such as use of agar contact plates, are not covered.Surface contaminants may consist of dirt, loose dust, strongly adhering particles, and "greasy" matter, as well as adsorbed vapors. For simplicity, this entity will be termed dust, unless specified otherwise. 2.3.2 The ScenarioThe contribution of surface dust to the indoor environment quality can be viewed from different angles, defined by the question asked. Surface dust can be viewed, e.g., as:Reflecting what has been in the air averaged over the time period since the surface was cleaned. A secondary source of airborne particles if agitated. Indicating efficiency of last cleaning and recontamination rate. 82 2.3

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Longitudinal Study of Dust and Airborne Endotoxin in the Home

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Urban enhancement of PM₁₀ bioaerosol tracers relative to background locations in the Midwestern United States

Sampling of Surface Dust in Buildings

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Longitudinal Study of Dust and Airborne Endotoxin in the Home

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Reproducibility of allergen, endotoxin and fungi measurements in the indoor environment

Urban enhancement of PM10 bioaerosol tracers relative to background locations in the Midwestern United States

Sampling of Surface Dust in Buildings

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Product

Resources

About

Urban enhancement of PM₁₀ bioaerosol tracers relative to background locations in the Midwestern United States