Longitudinal Study on Pneumococcal Carriage During the First Year of Life in Bangladesh

Granat, Simo; Mia, Zakaria; Ollgren, Jukka; Herva, Elja; Das, Milan; Piirainen, Liisa; Auranen, Kari; Mäkelä, P. Helena

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000257425.24492.11

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To our knowledge, such very early pneumococcal acquisition has been reported previously only from the highlands of Papua New Guinea, where all children had acquired S. pneumoniae by the age of 3 months [19]. Granat et al [18] showed that 50% of infants acquired a pneumococcus by 8 weeks of age in Bangladesh. In industrialized countries, Gray et al [17] documented a mean time to first acquisition of pneumococci of 6 months in infants in the United States, and Syrjanen et al [20] showed that 34% of Finnish infants had been colonized by S. pneumoniae by 6 months of age and that 56% had been colonized after a year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Although similar longitudinal studies undertaken in both developing and developed countries have shown that most, if not all, children are colonized with pneumococcal strains at some stage during the first 1-2 years of life [17,18], a striking feature of the epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in Gambian villagers is the very early age of first acquisition; the mean and median times to first acquisition were 33 days and 24 days, respectively. To our knowledge, such very early pneumococcal acquisition has been reported previously only from the highlands of Papua New Guinea, where all children had acquired S. pneumoniae by the age of 3 months [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian Infants: A Longitudinal Study

Hill

Cheung

Akisanya

et al. 2008

Clinical Infectious Diseases

151

145

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian Infants: A Longitudinal Study

Hill

Cheung

Akisanya

et al. 2008

Clinical Infectious Diseases

151

145

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“…Two longitudinal studies undertaken in The Gambia and Bangladesh reported that all children carried S. pneumoniae at least once during their first year of life [49], [50]. In The Gambia, carriage rates increased from 20% within a week of birth to 80%–90% between 3 and 11 months of age [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundInfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low income countries where pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are still underused. In countries where PCVs have been introduced, much of their efficacy has resulted from their impact on nasopharyngeal carriage in vaccinated children. Understanding the epidemiology of carriage for S. pneumoniae and other common respiratory bacteria in developing countries is crucial for implementing appropriate vaccination strategies and evaluating their impact.Methods and FindingsWe have systematically reviewed published studies reporting nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Neisseria meningitidis in children and adults in low and lower-middle income countries. Studies reporting pneumococcal carriage for healthy children <5 years of age were selected for a meta-analysis. The prevalences of carriage for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were generally higher in low income than in lower-middle income countries and were higher in young children than in adults. The prevalence of S. aureus was high in neonates. Meta-analysis of data from young children before the introduction of PCVs showed a pooled prevalence estimate of 64.8% (95% confidence interval, 49.8%–76.1%) in low income countries and 47.8% (95% confidence interval, 44.7%–50.8%) in lower-middle income countries. The most frequent serotypes were 6A, 6B, 19A, 19F, and 23F.ConclusionsIn low and lower-middle income countries, pneumococcal carriage is frequent, especially in children, and the spectrum of serotypes is wide. However, because data are limited, additional studies are needed to adequately assess the impact of PCV introduction on carriage of respiratory bacteria in these countries.

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“…They found a striking degree of concordance for S. aureus colonization between mothers and infants in the first 6 months of life (19). Another study on pneumococcal colonization speculated that newborns mostly obtained their strains from other children rather than from their parents, as the serotype distribution in infants differed from that in adults (9). A Costa Rican study revealed that very few mother-infant pairs carried identical airway pathogens simultaneously (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Bacterial Colonization Status between Mother and Child: the Generation R Study

et al. 2010

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Determinants of bacterial colonization in children have been described. In the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort study, we determined whether the colonization statuses of mothers and children are correlated. Such a correlation was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. Direct transmission, genetic susceptibility and/or unidentified environmental factors may play a role here.

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Longitudinal Study on Pneumococcal Carriage During the First Year of Life in Bangladesh

Abstract: The features found in our study are typical of pneumococcal carriage in developing countries. We believe that results from longitudinal modeling of carriage based on these extensive data can have wide geographic application.

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian Infants: A Longitudinal Study

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Gambian Infants: A Longitudinal Study

Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Correlation of Bacterial Colonization Status between Mother and Child: the Generation R Study

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