Longitudinal Study on Respiratory Viral Co-Infections in the Presence or Absence of Clinical Manifestation in Infants Aged 0–2 Years

Abstract

SUMMARY:We conducted a long-term follow-up study between December 2005 and February 2007 on 4 immunocompetent infants, who repeatedly presented with respiratory symptoms, using PCR-based techniques targeting 14 viruses related to acute respiratory tract infection. Of 38 specimens, 30 were collected from symptomatic infants and 8 were collected when respiratory symptoms were absent. Overall, one or more respiratory viruses were detected in 94.7z (36/38) of the specimens. Of the 36 PCR-positive specimens, 77.8z (28/36) were positive for more than one virus. Most of these co-infections were double infections (55.6z or 20/36). Of note, co-infections with 4 and 3 viruses were observed in 3 (8.3z or 3/36) and 5 (13.9z or 5/36) specimens, respectively. Of the 8 specimens collected from the 4 infants when apparent respiratory symptoms were absent, 7 (87.5z) were positive for respiratory viruses. Respiratory viral co-infections were also frequent and found in 5 of the specimens (62.5z). However, apparent correlation between disease severity and co-infection was undetectable due to the limit of the number of cases studied. Taken together, this longitudinal study revealed that respiratory viral co-infections were not infrequent in infants aged 0-2 years, regardless of the presence of respiratory symptoms (62.5-77.8z).

Determination of genetic characterization and circulation pattern of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in children with a respiratory infection, Tehran, Iran, during 2018-2019

“…For the HRSV detection, a Hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction of the N gene was done as previously described (Malekshahi et al 2010). The following primer sets used (Kawabuchi-Kurata et al 2014) are indicated in table 2.…”

Frequent respiratory viral infections in a young child in a 27‐month follow‐up study

“…Although some follow-up studies of respiratory viral infections have been reported, there are no reports describing the detection and analysis of 19 different respiratory viruses from numerous specimens collected from one person (Martin et al , 2013; Kawabuchi–Kurata et al , 2014). …”