LoRa-Based Traffic Flow Detection for Smart-Road

Abstract

This paper presents a wireless traffic flow detection system, mainly focused on conditions in which the traffic flow is slow or stopped, which increases the risk of highway accidents. To achieve this goal, a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) based on LoRa called Short LoRa has been developed. This LoRa sub-network complies with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) harmonized standard for its compatibility in Europe countries. In addition, the development of the devices has allowed them to also work on a LoRaWAN network. The introduced development has been compared to a reference system mounted with laser barriers that provided a high accurate comparison. Field tests of the system have been carried out and the data obtained in the measurement has been analyzed with two different methods, and both of them were valid for the application. The results can determine vehicle speed with adequate precision at low speeds. The attenuating behavior of the communication signal is also analyzed through the Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The relationship between vehicle speed, gate distances and RSSI attenuation has been studied. The system is proven to have efficient results in detecting traffic flow under the conditions for which it has been developed.

Large-Area Saline-Alkali-Tolerant Rice Growth Environment Monitoring System Based on LoRa+UAV

“…e best position is when the UAV is located directly above l(m, n) as the center of the circle, and the distance between the central node and l(m, n) is less than S x(p, q) , l(m, n) can communicate with the UAV, while the communication radius between the terminal node and the central node is r. g is the ratio of the horizontal distance S x(p,q),l(m,n) of the UAV and the distance from the central node to the best location point; the parameter g is expressed as in formula (5).…”

“…ZigBee communication technology [4] has the advantages of low power consumption and support for a variety of topologies, but there are problems such as limited node communication distance, low reliability, unstable network, and high overall network power consumption, which are not suitable for the design of wide coverage, stable, and lowpower saline-alkali-tolerant rice environment system. LoRa technology is a typical representative of LPWAN technology, which has the advantages of low energy consumption, wide coverage, reliable connection, and easy deployment, and has become a hot research technology in the field of Internet of things (IoT) in recent years [5,6]. LoRa communication technology is more suitable for field-wide sensor information collection and application in terms of node communication range, the number of nodes deployed, and environmental applicability.…”

Wireless-Signal-Based Vehicle Counting and Classification in Different Road Environments

“…Examples of these include: technologies such as video image processing, microwave radar, laser radar, passive infrared, ultrasonic, passive acoustic array, in which devices are mounted overhead on roadways or roadsides (see [5]). Recently, Asiain and Antolín [7] developed a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) based system for detecting traffic flow. However, like intrusive devices, most non-intrusive devices also have the downside of being expensive, energy intensive as well as being affected by the environment (e.g., they are prone to errors when environmental conditions like weather or daytime change, see [6]).…”

Multipurpose Sensing Platform for Improved Road Safety

“…A different approach, proposed in [14] presents a traffic flow monitoring system to detect stationary or slow-moving vehicles. Rather than using the traditional detection techniques, they transmit LoRa RF signals across the road at specific periods and measure the intensity of the received signals, using Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), to determine the presence of vehicles in the road.…”