Polyoxometalate (POM) compounds constitute a wide family rich of more than several thousand inorganic compounds which can be finely tuned at the molecular level. Considering their high diversities in structures and properties, the incorporation of such inorganic components into liquid crystalline phases or ionic liquid phases is particularly relevant for the elaboration of functional materials. By adjusting the molecular structures of the anions and the nature of the counter cations, many authors designed different types of mesophases sometimes with application in optoelectronics, or true POM-based Ionic liquids (POM-ILs with melting temperature below 100 °C). The latter turn out to be highly interesting for various applications in catalysis, depollution, or protection of the historical heritage. This review focuses on the recent developments in these organic/inorganic hybrid materials, POMbased Ionic liquid crystal and POM-ILs and their applications.