Lorentz violation from gamma-ray burst neutrinos

Huang, Yanqi; Ma, Bo-Qiang

doi:10.1038/s42005-018-0061-0

“…It should be emphasized that, usually, Lorentz invariance is taken as one of the fundamental principles in physics. It is also strongly supported by observations [22,23], and so far there is no conclusive evidence that indicates such a symmetry can be broken at high enough energy scales (there are, however, some suggestive signs from high energy astrophysics [24][25][26]). However, according to our current understanding on the quantum gravity theory, space and time are quantized at the Planck energy scale, and continuous spacetime only emerges as a classical limit at sufficiently low energy scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Black hole evaporation in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Xu

¹

,

Ong

²

2020

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Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity was formulated in hope of solving the non-renormalization problem in Einstein gravity and the ghost problem in higher derivative gravity theories by violating Lorentz invariance. In this work we consider the spherically symmetric neutral AdS black hole evaporation process in HL gravity in various spacetime dimensions d, and with detailed balance violation parameter $$0\leqslant \epsilon ^2\leqslant 1$$ 0 ⩽ ϵ 2 ⩽ 1 . We find that the lifetime of the black holes under Hawking evaporation is dimensional dependent, with $$d=4,5$$ d = 4 , 5 behave differently from $$d\geqslant 6$$ d ⩾ 6 . For the case of $$\epsilon =0$$ ϵ = 0 , in $$d=4,5$$ d = 4 , 5 , the black hole admits zero temperature state, and the lifetime of the black hole is always infinite. This phenomenon obeys the third law of black hole thermodynamics, and implies that the black holes become an effective remnant towards the end of the evaporation. As $$d\geqslant 6$$ d ⩾ 6 , however, the lifetime of black hole does not diverge with any initial black hole mass, and it is bounded by a time of the order of $$\ell ^{d-1}$$ ℓ d - 1 , similar to the case of Schwarzschild-AdS in Einstein gravity (which corresponds to $$\epsilon ^2=1$$ ϵ 2 = 1 ), though for the latter this holds for all $$d\geqslant 4$$ d ⩾ 4 . The case of $$0<\epsilon ^2<1$$ 0 < ϵ 2 < 1 is also qualitatively similar with $$\epsilon =0$$ ϵ = 0 .

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“…This consideration will demonstrate that LV in the neutrino sector, as studied in the context of the former OPERA excess [24] and recently deduced from data on IceCube neutrino events in refs. [25,26], would imply LV for charged leptons that clashes with existing experimental constraints.…”

Section: Jhep04(2021)082mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A subset of the IceCube neutrino events is assumed to originate from gamma ray bursts (GRBs) [72][73][74], opening up the possibility of testing LV by comparing photon and neutrino arrival times [75,76]. In fact, statistically significant hints for in-vacuo modified dispersion relations for GRB neutrinos [25,26,[77][78][79] as well as GRB photons [80][81][82] have been exposed. However, as LV in the photon sector is too tightly constrained (see ref.…”

Section: Consequences For Time-of-flight Neutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of SU(2)L gauge invariance for constraints on Lorentz violation

Crivellin

¹

,

Kirk

²

,

Schreck

³

2021

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Lorentz invariance may only be broken far above the electroweak scale, since violations are experimentally stringently constrained. Therefore, the Standard-Model Extension parameterizing Lorentz violation (LV) via (higher-dimensional) field theory operators is manifestly SU(2)L gauge-invariant. As a consequence, LV in neutrinos implies LV in charged leptons and vice versa. This allows us to obtain estimated sensitivities for flavour-changing operators in the charged-lepton sector from neutrino oscillations as well as sensitivities for flavour-diagonal neutrino effects from high-precision electron experiments. We also apply this method to an analysis of time-of-flight data for neutrinos (detected by IceCube) and photons from gamma ray bursts where discrepancies have been observed. Our conclusion is that an explanation of the arrival time difference between neutrino and photon events by dim-5 operators in the neutrino sector would lead to unacceptably large LV effects in the charged-lepton sector.

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“…On the one hand the theoretical stance of such models is now based on quite firm grounds: indications that the Planck-scale structure of spacetime implies a deformation of the geometry of momentum space emerge in research on noncommutative geometry [4][5][6], loop quantum gravity [7,8] as well as 2 + 1 dimensional quantum gravity [9][10][11]. On the other hand, the prospects for testing Planck-scale deviations from special relativity are now more concrete than ever: analyses concerning the time of flight of very high energy particles of astrophysical origin have reached the required Planck-scale sensitivity, and found regularities [12][13][14][15][16][17] that are compatible with the sort of energy dependence of the velocity of massless particles that would be expected in typical DSR scenarios (while the extremely strong constraints on deviations from standard physics in threshold reactions disfavour the Lorentz breaking (LIV) scenario [18,19]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic compatibility of the interacting κ -Poincaré model and implications for the relative locality framework

Gubitosi

¹

,

Heefer

²

2019

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We investigate the relativistic properties under boost transformations of the κ-Poincaré model with multiple causally connected interactions, both at the level of its formulation in momentum space only and when it is endowed with a full phase space construction, provided by the relative locality framework. Previous studies focussing on the momentum space picture showed that in presence of just one interaction vertex the model is relativistic, provided that the boost parameter acting on each given particle receives a "backreaction" from the momenta of the other particles that participate in the interaction. Here we show that in presence of multiple causally-connected vertices the model is relativistic if the boost parameter acting on each given particle receives a backreaction from the total momentum of all the particles that are causally connected, even those that do not directly enter the vertex. The relative locality framework constructs spacetime by defining a set of dual coordinates to the momentum of each particle and interaction coordinates as Lagrange multipliers that enforce momentum conservation at interaction events. We show that the picture is Lorentz invariant if one uses an appropriate "total boost" to act on the particles' worldlines and on the interaction coordinates. The picture we develop also allows for a reinterpretation of the backreaction as the manifestation of the "total boost" action. Our findings provide the basis to consistently define distant relatively boosted observers in the relative locality framework.

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Lorentz violation from gamma-ray burst neutrinos

Cited by 40 publications

References 26 publications

Black hole evaporation in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Black hole evaporation in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Implications of SU(2)L gauge invariance for constraints on Lorentz violation

Relativistic compatibility of the interacting κ -Poincaré model and implications for the relative locality framework

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