Lost Leavers: Uncovering the Circumstances of those without Welfare and without Work

Ovwigho, Pamela C.; Kolupanowich, Nicholas; Hetling, Andrea; Born, Catherine E.

doi:10.1606/1044-3894.4153

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Much of this research has focused on former welfare recipients, known as welfare leavers, who are without work and do not reapply for welfare (Acs & Loprest, 2004;Brock et al, 2002;Q. Moore, Wood, & Rangarajan, 2012;Ovwigho, Kolupanowich, Hetling, & Born, 2011;Wood & Rangarajan, 2003). Not all disconnected women, however, are former welfare recipients.…”

Section: Economic Disconnection Among Low-income Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving In and Out of Welfare and Work: The Influence of Regional Socioeconomic Circumstances on Economic Disconnection Among Low-Income Single Mothers

Kwon

Hetling

2017

Economic Development Quarterly

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An increasing proportion of low-income single mothers are experiencing periods of economic disconnection, defined as receiving no cash income from welfare or work. Most research on disconnection has focused on personal attributes as risk factors for experiencing disconnection at a static point in time. This study adopts a dynamic perspective and broadens the existing set of determinants by adding regional socioeconomic characteristics to explain changes in status. Results from multivariate survival analyses demonstrate that residence in a disadvantaged county is associated with an increased risk of becoming disconnected. State-level policies, as opposed to county socioeconomic characteristics, have stronger influences on movements out of disconnection. The findings from the analyses provide a base for policy discussions about helping this vulnerable population.

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Section: Economic Disconnection Among Low-income Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such work may include "under the table" jobs such as babysitting or doing hair, or potentially illegal means such as sex work or drug trafficking (Pyles, 2007). The consensus, however, is that this additional income is very low, unreliable, and insufficient to meet daily needs (Ovwigho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Economic Disconnection Among Low-income Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving In and Out of Welfare and Work: The Influence of Regional Socioeconomic Circumstances on Economic Disconnection Among Low-Income Single Mothers

Kwon

Hetling

2017

Economic Development Quarterly

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“…This premature separation from assistance and failure to reconnect may be due to a variety of factors, including strict eligibility requirements, lack of transportation or access to the offices, the multiple visits and paperwork that must be completed, lack of information or misinformation, and social stigmas that surround public assistance (Currie, 2006;Wu & Eamon, 2007). Some have speculated that stricter welfare rules directly affected the rise in economic disconnection as new rules coupled with worsening economic circumstances have increased the vulnerability of these women (Moore et al, 2012;Ovwigho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Rise Of Economic Disconnection Among Low-income Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together this research indicates that disconnected women, like low-income women in general, utilize a variety of methods to "get by". However, often these strategies are unreliable or not significant enough to support them and their children (Ovwigho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Income-packaging By Disconnected Women and Sources Of Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies show that significant numbers of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients leaving the program are not obtaining work, with estimates hovering around 40 percent (Acs & Loprest, 2004;Loprest & Zedlewski 2006). These women, often referred to as economically disconnected, are of increasing concern to policymakers, practitioners, and advocates (Turner et al, 2006;Blank, 2007;Blank & Kovak, 2008;Hetling, 2011;Loprest, 2011;Ovwigho et al, 2011;Moore et al, 2012). Many are worried about the well-being of children in these families and the ability of mothers to provide financially without employment or public cash assistance -the two most common sources of regular cash income.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Income Packaging and Economic Disconnection: Do Sources of Support Differ from Other Low-Income Women?

Helting¹,

Kwon²,

Mahn³

2013

SSRN Journal

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Income packaging, or piecing together cash and non-cash resources from a variety of sources, is a common financial survival strategy among low-income women. This strategy is particularly important for economically disconnected women, who lack both employment income and public cash assistance receipt. Using data from the confidential Census Bureau versions of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study compares the use of public and private supports between disconnected and connected low-income women, controlling for differences in state welfare rules and county unemployment rates. Findings from bivariate comparisons and multilevel logistic regressions indicate that disconnected women utilize public non-cash supports at similar rates to connected women, but rely more heavily on private sources. Conclusions focus on the policy implications for outreach and program development.

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The Impacts of Benefit Sanctions: A Scoping Review of the Quantitative Research Evidence

et al. 2022

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In recent decades, the use of conditionality backed by benefit sanctions for those claiming unemployment and related benefits has become widespread in the social security systems of high-income countries. Critics argue that sanctions may be ineffective in bringing people back to employment or indeed harmful in a range of ways. Existing reviews largely assess the labour market impacts of sanctions but our understanding of the wider impacts is more limited. We report results from a scoping review of the international quantitative research evidence on both labour market and wider impacts of benefit sanctions. Following systematic search and screening, we extract data for 94 studies reporting on 253 outcome measures. We provide a narrative summary, paying attention to the ability of the studies to support causal inference. Despite variation in the evidence base and study designs, we found that labour market studies, covering two thirds of our sample, consistently reported positive impacts for employment but negative impacts for job quality and stability in the longer term, along with increased transitions to non-employment or economic inactivity. Although largely relying on non-experimental designs, wider-outcome studies reported significant associations with increased material hardship and health problems. There was also some evidence that sanctions were associated with increased child maltreatment and poorer child well-being. Lastly, the review highlights the generally poor quality of the evidence base in this area, with few studies employing research methods designed to identify the causal impact of sanctions, especially in relation to wider impacts.

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Lost Leavers: Uncovering the Circumstances of those without Welfare and without Work

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Moving In and Out of Welfare and Work: The Influence of Regional Socioeconomic Circumstances on Economic Disconnection Among Low-Income Single Mothers

Moving In and Out of Welfare and Work: The Influence of Regional Socioeconomic Circumstances on Economic Disconnection Among Low-Income Single Mothers

Income Packaging and Economic Disconnection: Do Sources of Support Differ from Other Low-Income Women?

The Impacts of Benefit Sanctions: A Scoping Review of the Quantitative Research Evidence

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