Loudness Function of a 1000-cps Tone in the Presence of a Masking Noise

Hellman, Rhona P.; Zwislocki, J. J.

doi:10.1121/1.1919255

Cited by 173 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…By this token, I would expect greater bias when the stimuli being compared differ in quality than when they differ in some other way, even if the differences in dissimilarity are equal. Therefore, the present results are consistent with the contention that the data obtained from scaling experiments such as those of Hellman and Zwislocki (1964), Raab (1962), J. C. Stevens and Hall (1966), and J. C. Stevens and S. S. Stevens (1963), which required subjects to judge stimuli that varied on nonqualitative dimensions, yielded "good" matches, in that the matching stimulus values are not highly susceptible to "contextual bias. "…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The success reported by J. C. Stevensand S. S. Stevens (1963), by Hellman and Zwislocki (1964), and by others lends support to the contention that magnitude estimates do provide accurate sensory matches when stimuli differ along dimensions other than quality. Stevens and Stevens compared the brightness aroused by white-light stimulation of a dark-adapted eye and of a white light-adapted eye; presumably, the various test stimuli varied greatly in brightness but only slightly in color.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Despite the positive successes of Hellman and Zwislocki (1964), of J. C. Stevens and S. S. Stevens (1963), and of others outlined above, the possibility remains that under certain circumstances, matches derived from scaling judgments can be strongly biased. I suspect, given the findings on relativity in cross-modal comparisons (Marks et al, 1986), that such biasing will occur-or less pejoratively, that matches will vary-when two conditions are satisfied: First, the stimuli being "matched" must be qualitatively dissimilar, and second, the sets of qualitatively different stimuli being judged must have different levels or ranges of subjective intensities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude estimation and sensory matching

Marks

1988

Perception & Psychophysics

131

154

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Magnitude estimation and sensory matching

Marks

1988

Perception & Psychophysics

131

154

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“…1 and 2, for they provide a more complete picture of the extent of the asymmetry. The intersection of the loudness-matching functions with the eq ual SPL line is clearer than when noise is the masker (Hellman & Zwislocki, 1964;Hellman, 1970). The difference is probably due to the strong dominance of noise as a masker.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Asymmetry of masking between noise and tone

Hellman

1972

Perception & Psychophysics

Self Cite

109

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A pure tone was used to mask narrow and wide bands of noise centered on the frequency of the tone. In a given experimental session, the sound-pressure level (SPL) of the tone was held constant and loudness balances were obtained between a masked and unmasked noise band of equal width. These results are compared to earlier measures of the partial masking of tone by noise. The comparison shows that noise masks a tone more effectively than the tone masks the noise. Although the effect of the tone on a critical band of noise is greater than its effect on either an octave-band noise or wide-band noise, it is considerably smaller than the effect of the noise on the tone. Decreasing the noise bandwidth still further to a subcritical width reduces the asymmetry of masking somewhat, but a difference at high intensities of about 20 dB between the masking effects of an equally intense noise and tone remains. Whether the masker is a tone or noise, masking ceases when the effective energy of the masked and masking stimuli is the same.

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“…The rate of loudness growth in the impaired ear is often so steep that, at high intensities (60-100 dB SPL, e.g., Stillman et al 1993), the loudness in the impaired ear matches that in the normal one. Loudness recruitment has been primarily studied in humans (e.g., Miskolczy-Fodor 1960;Hellman and Zwislocki 1981;Moore et al 1985;Zeng and Turner 1991) and has also been demonstrated in behavioral animals with SNHL (Pugh et al 1979). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding Intensity in Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Following Acoustic Trauma: Implications for Loudness Recruitment

Cai

Young

2008

JARO

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Loudness recruitment, an abnormally rapid growth of perceived loudness with sound level, is a common symptom of sensorineural hearing loss. Following acoustic trauma, auditory-nerve rate responses are reduced, and rate grows more slowly with sound level, which seems inconsistent with recruitment (Heinz et al., J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 6:91-105, 2005). However, rate-level functions (RLFs) in the central nervous system may increase in either slope or saturation value following trauma (e.g., Salvi et al., Hear. Res. 147:261-274, 2000), suggesting that recruitment may arise from central changes. In this paper, we studied RLFs of neurons in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of the cat after acoustic trauma. Trauma did not change the general properties of VCN neurons, and the usual VCN functional classifications remained valid (chopper, primary-like, onset, etc.). After trauma, non-primary-like neurons, most noticeably choppers, exhibited elevated maximum discharge rates and steeper RLFs for frequencies at and near best frequency (BF). Primary-like neurons showed the opposite changes. To relate the neurons' responses to recruitment, rate-balance functions were computed; these show the sound level required to give equal rates in a normal and a traumatized ear and are analogous to loudness balance functions that show the sound levels giving equal perceptual loudness in the two ears of a monaurally hearing-impaired person. The ratebalance functions showed recruitment-like steepening of their slopes in non-primary-like neurons in all conditions. However, primary-like neurons showed recruitment-like behavior only when rates were summated across neurons of all BFs. These results suggest that the non-primary-like, especially chopper, neurons may be the most peripheral site of the physiological changes in the brain that underlie recruitment.

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Loudness Function of a 1000-cps Tone in the Presence of a Masking Noise

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

Magnitude estimation and sensory matching

Magnitude estimation and sensory matching

Asymmetry of masking between noise and tone

Encoding Intensity in Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Following Acoustic Trauma: Implications for Loudness Recruitment

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