Low 24-Hour Adiponectin and High Nocturnal Leptin Concentrations in a Case-Control Study of Community-Dwelling Premenopausal Women With Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract

Objective Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with immune system dysfunction and disruption of multiple circadian systems. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Circulating concentrations are inversely related to adiposity and risks of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Our goals were to: A) establish whether premenopausal women with MDD exhibit decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations and/or disruption of circadian adiponectin rhythmicity; B) assess whether there is a relationship between adiponectin and MDD; C) explore the temporal relationships among adiponectin, leptin, ACTH and cortisol secretion. Method Case-control study of community-dwelling premenopausal women with MDD and age- and BMI-matched-control subjects (N=23/group). Main outcome measures were circulating concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, ACTH, and cortisol measured hourly for 24h. Results Women with MDD had approximately 30% lower mean 24h concentrations of adiponectin than did control subjects. Adiponectin was inversely related to depression severity and total duration of disease, suggesting a causal link. In contrast, nocturnal leptin concentrations were higher in the MDD versus control groups. Leptin was inversely related to cortisol and adiponectin both in subjects with depression and in control subjects. In cross-correlation analyses, the relationship between ACTH and cortisol was stronger in women with MDD than in control subjects, consistent with HPA-axis activation in MDD. Conclusions Reduced daily adiponectin production may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus, and elevated leptin may contribute to osteoporosis, in premenopausal women with MDD.

Adiponectin is critical in determining susceptibility to depressive behaviors and has antidepressant-like activity

“…Emerging clinical evidence suggests an association between circulating adiponectin levels and depression but with inconsistent results, perhaps as a result of small sample sizes, sex differences, and age ranges covered in these studies (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Questions remain to be answered as to whether adiponectin plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression and whether adiponectin modulates depressive behaviors.…”

The role of adipocytokines on depressive symptoms of patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Leptin, adiponectin, neuropeptide Y, ghrelin and resistin were reported to be involved in pathophysiology of depressive disorders among subjects with normal kidney function. 11,13,15,16,17 To our knowledge the role of adipocytokines in etiology of depressive disorders of CKD patients have not been explored yet.…”

“…13,14 Adiponectin which is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects was also found to be reduced by 30% in premenopausal women with major depressive disorder. 15 Resistin, a low grade inflammation marker, was studied and found to be correlated with atypical depressive symptoms. 16 Gastric hormone ghrelin, besides stimulating appetite, acts as a neuropeptide, participates in sleep-wake regulation and appears to be related to memory and to be involved in pathophysiology of central nervous system disorders, especially depression.…”

A Follow-Up Study of 50 Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: Adiponectin as a Resilience Biomarker for Major Depression

“…There is growing evidence that disturbances in adiponectin secretion are important in the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and outcome of psychiatric disorders [46]. For instance, patients with MD presented lower circulating levels of adiponectin in comparison with controls [47,48,49]. Zhang et al [50] found that adiponectin was able to stimulate cultured adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells via acting on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β.…”