Low‐alloyed TRIP‐Steels with Optimized Strength, Forming and Welding Properties

Abstract

To obtain the superior strength-ductility-balance of TRIP-grades, a special chemical composition in combination with well adapted processing parameters are a prerequisite. Despite of their excellent formability performance in terms of drawability as characterized by high n-and elongation values, compared to mild steels TRIP-grades are challenging in the press and the body shops. The high strength level in combination with the high work hardening of TRIP-grades result in higher levels of spring back compared to mild steels and higher press forces are required. Furthermore, a higher sensitivity to failure for sharp bending radii and a deterioration of the formability of punched edges is reported for TRIP-grades. While spring back can only be minimized by advanced forming processes supported by new simulation techniques with improved ability to predict spring back, the sensitivity to failure under special forming conditions can be influenced by optimizing microstructural features. Contrary to the forming behaviour, which is influenced significantly by the microstructure, the weldability is mainly governed by the chemical composition and the surface condition of the material. The high carbon content of TRIP-grades compared to mild steels results in a higher hardening potential after welding. Additionally, a fracture behaviour untypical for mild steels after destructive testing of spot welds is sometimes observed for TRIP-grades, which is assessed critically by some OEMs. In this work, after a discussion of the processing conditions, possibilities are demonstrated to improve the forming behaviour by an optimization of the microstructure and the spot weldability by adapting the chemical composition of low-alloyed TRIP grades. First very promising results for TRIP-grades with a minimum tensile strength level of 700 MPa are discussed.

The TRIP Effect and Its Application in Cold Formable Sheet Steels

“…In addition, Cu and Ni were found effective in stabilizing the retained austenite, leading to the improvement in both strength and ductility . Micro‐alloying elements, such as Nb, Ti, and V were also added to achieve microstructure refinement and precipitation strengthening …”

Microstructure Characterization of Laser-Welded Nb-Microalloyed Silicon-Aluminum TRIP Steel

“…AHSS include multiphase microstructure steels such as Dual Phase (DP), Complex Phase (CP), and Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP). The high strength and plasticity of AHSS can be ascribed to their multiphase microstructure and high capability of work hardening during forming (Ref [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Presently, the most commonly applied method of joining car body steel elements is resistance spot welding (Ref [4][5][6][7][8]. The basic limitations of this method include the necessity for using a high-pressure force which causes frequent surface deformations (decreases aesthetics) and ensuring proper surface quality in the point of contact between the electrodes and the elements being welded as well as the necessity for providing double-sided access to the elements being welded.…”

Numerical Simulation of the Phase Transformations in Steels: A Case Study on Newly-Developed Multi-Phase Steels for Drop Forgings

“…New models keep being proposed, based both on considerations and methods using empirical data, which can be applied in a wide range of mass concentrations of elements or are dedicated to a specific group of steels. It should be taken into consideration that each modelling method requires the access to the database, which is necessary when calculating the parameters of the model and during its verification [5,16,29,38,39,42].…”