Low and infrequent expression of nitric oxide synthase/NADPH-diaphorase in neurons of the human supraoptic nucleus: a histochemical study

Bernstein, Hans‐Gert; Jirikowski, Gustav F.; Heinemann, Arndt; Baumann, B.; Hornstein, Christiane; Dános, P.; Diekmann, Susanne; Sauer, Heinrich; Keilhoff, Gerburg; Bogerts, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/s0891-0618(00)00087-9

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, studies of CSF and peripheral AVP (Beckmann et al, 1985;Elman et al, 2003;Raskind et al, 1987) and CSF OT (Glovinsky et al, 1994) concentrations have failed to reveal consistent baseline differences in these peptides between schizophrenic and control volunteers. Bernstein et al (1998Bernstein et al ( , 2000 examined hypothalamic tissue taken from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and found a significant decrease in nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons within the PVN but not in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) relative to control patients. While Bernstein et al (1998Bernstein et al ( , 2000 did note fewer cells with staining in the SON, it is unclear whether these neurons contained AVP or OT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bernstein et al (1998Bernstein et al ( , 2000 examined hypothalamic tissue taken from patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and found a significant decrease in nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons within the PVN but not in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) relative to control patients. While Bernstein et al (1998Bernstein et al ( , 2000 did note fewer cells with staining in the SON, it is unclear whether these neurons contained AVP or OT. A post-mortem study of tissue AVP concentrations found decreased AVP amounts in the temporal lobe of schizophrenic brain tissue, but the hypothalamic content was not different from controls (Frederiksen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Interaction Deficits Caused by Chronic Phencyclidine Administration are Reversed by Oxytocin

Lee

Brady

Shapiro

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

184

105

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Chronic administration of phencyclidine (PCP) has been advanced as a valid animal model of the social deficit symptoms of schizophrenia. In these studies, the cumulative time that male rats treated once a day for 14 days with PCP actively engaged in social behavior was decreased approximately 75% relative to saline-treated control animals. In addition, these socially impaired rats had an increase in the relative amount of noncontact interactions compared with saline-injected peers. Social behaviors were preferentially affected by PCP treatment because in two anxiety-related behavioral assays, the open field and light/dark emergence tests, there was a failure to differentiate between the PCP-treated rats and saline-injected control rats. Considering the general importance of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in male social behaviors, studies of molecular markers related to these neuropeptides were performed. Hypothalamic oxytocin mRNA expression was significantly decreased while oxytocin receptor binding was increased in the central nucleus of the amygdala following chronic PCP treatment. Given the significance of central nucleus of the amygdala in social behavior, oxytocin was infused into the central nucleus of experimental and control male rats, and their postinfusion social interaction and open field behaviors were analyzed. A bilateral infusion of 1 mg of oxytocin into the central amygdala selectively restored the normal quantity and quality of social behavior in chronic PCP-treated male rats without altering open field behaviors. These findings suggest that deficits in the central oxytocinergic system may underlie the social impairment exhibited in this animal model of schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Interaction Deficits Caused by Chronic Phencyclidine Administration are Reversed by Oxytocin

Lee

Brady

Shapiro

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

184

105

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“…A decreased number of neurophysin as well as of nitric oxide containing neurons was observed in paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the schizophrenic patients, but not in the SON [41,42,43,44]. Potentially, VP synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus could contribute to the abnormal regulation of the VP secretion in schizophrenia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potentially, VP synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus could contribute to the abnormal regulation of the VP secretion in schizophrenia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Detailed morphometric studies combined with colocalization data of neurophysin or nitric oxide synthase with VP are necessary to elucidate the chemical and functional identity of neurons reported to be reduced in schizophrenic patients [41,42,43,44]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of a Difference in the Neurosecretory Activity of Supraoptic Nucleus Vasopressin Neurons of Neuroleptic-Treated Schizophrenic Patients

Malidelis

Panayotacopoulou²,

Heerikhuize³

et al. 2005

Neuroendocrinology

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Dysfunction in water intake and metabolism has frequently been reported in schizophrenia. The general population of schizophrenics under neuroleptic treatment secretes lower amounts of vasopressin than controls at comparable values of plasma osmolality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the synthetic activity of vasopressin neurons of the dorsolateral supraoptic nucleus in schizophrenia on postmortem material using a battery of histochemical activity markers. Our material consisted of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded hypothalami from 5 schizophrenic patients under neuroleptic treatment and from 5 matched controls, obtained from The Netherlands’ Brain Bank. DSM-III or DSM-IV criteria were used for the clinical diagnosis. The histochemical markers used to study the neuronal activity of the magnocellular vasopressin-synthesizing neurons were: cell size, size of the Golgi apparatus, and expression of vasopressin and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA by in situ hybridization. Morphometric evaluation and statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) were performed. Our results showed no statistically significant differences in any of the neuronal activity markers between schizophrenic patients and controls. Therefore, the neurosecretory activity of vasopressin neurons of the dorsolateral part of the supraoptic nucleus does not appear to be changed in schizophrenic patients under medication. Since our sample did not include patients with reported polydipsia or hyponatremia, prospective investigation is needed to evaluate the above-mentioned neuronal activity markers in such a particular subgroup of schizophrenic patients.

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“…(1) A polyclonal antiserum against the brain form of the enzyme raised in rabbits was employed (Eurodiagnostica AB, Stockholm). The specificity of the antiserum has been demonstrated in sufficient detail in previous communications (Bernstein et al, 1998(Bernstein et al, , 2000(Bernstein et al, , 2002Lüth et al, 2000). After the preincubation of the sections with methanol/H 2 O 2 to depress peroxidases and repeated washing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) the nNOS antiserum was used at a dilution of 1:2000 in PBS, overnight in the cold.…”

Section: Tissue Handling and Staining Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactive neurons in the human septal area: a matter of method?

Bernstein

Brisch

Ogonlade

et al. 2004

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Low and infrequent expression of nitric oxide synthase/NADPH-diaphorase in neurons of the human supraoptic nucleus: a histochemical study

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Social Interaction Deficits Caused by Chronic Phencyclidine Administration are Reversed by Oxytocin

Social Interaction Deficits Caused by Chronic Phencyclidine Administration are Reversed by Oxytocin

Absence of a Difference in the Neurosecretory Activity of Supraoptic Nucleus Vasopressin Neurons of Neuroleptic-Treated Schizophrenic Patients

Detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactive neurons in the human septal area: a matter of method?

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