Low back pain in athletes and non-athletes: a group comparison of basic pain parameters and impact on sports activity

Heidari, Jahan; Mierswa, Tobias; Hasenbring, Monika; Kleinert, Jens; Levenig, Claudia; Ott, Ida; Kellmann, Michael

doi:10.1007/s11332-016-0288-7

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Athletes reported higher training frequency ( p < 0.001, d = −1.10), and less disability than non‐athletes ( p = 0.017, d = 0.30), while reporting equal back pain intensity ( p = 0.827, d = −0.11), BDI‐PC scores ( p = 0.673, d = 0.07) and number of days in pain ( p = 0.983, d = 0.00). The differences in disability between athletes and non‐athletes are discussed elsewhere in detail (Heidari, Mierswa, Hasenbring, et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological pain responses in athletes and non‐athletes with low back pain: Avoidance and endurance matter

Gajsar

Titze

Levenig

et al. 2019

European Journal of Pain

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Background Dysfunctional psychological pain responses, namely fear‐avoidance (FAR), including catastrophizing and helplessness, as well as endurance‐related responses (ER), including thought suppression and overactivity, have been shown to be risk factors for persistent low back pain (LBP). Literature suggests that athletes may differ from non‐athletes regarding psychological responses to pain. Objectives This study set out to compare FAR and ER between athletes and non‐athletes with LBP. It was hypothesized that athletes would report less frequent FAR and more frequent ER, and that both FAR and ER are associated with LBP intensity and disability. Methods The 173 athletes and 93 non‐athletes cross‐sectionally reported how frequently they employ FAR and ER on the Avoidance‐Endurance Questionnaire (AEQ), as well as LBP intensity and disability on the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire (CPGS). MANOVA was applied to compare FAR and ER between athletes and non‐athletes. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used to determine the unique associations between FAR and ER with LBP intensity and disability. Results Athletes reported lower frequencies of behavioural avoidance than non‐athletes, but no other FAR variables differed between the groups. Frequencies of ER did not differ between athletes and non‐athletes. Regression analysis indicated substantial associations of FAR with LBP intensity, as well as of FAR and ER with disability in athletes and non‐athletes. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that athletes and non‐athletes with LBP differ regarding behavioural avoidance, but overall, differences regarding pain responses are marginal. FAR and ER are both reported in athletes and non‐athletes and contribute to disability in both groups. Significance Athletes train to endure pain in the course of athletic socialization, at least in the context of exercise. However, there is sparsity of knowledge about psychological pain responses in athletes with low back pain and whether they differ from those in non‐athletes. The results of this comparative study suggest that endurance responses are more frequent than avoidance responses among athletes and non‐athletes alike. However, both types of responses seem relevant to clinical pain management in athletes as well as non‐athletes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the German version, moderate to high associations with other instruments assessing pain and disability have been shown, as well as the frequency of use of pain medication (Klasen et al, ). Cronbach's alpha is 0.86 for pain intensity and 0.82 for disability, showing good reliability for both scales (Heidari, Mierswa, Hasenbring, et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Psychological pain responses in athletes and non‐athletes with low back pain: Avoidance and endurance matter

Gajsar

Titze

Levenig

et al. 2019

European Journal of Pain

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“…A previous study found that athletes with low back pain perceive less impairment compared with non-athletes. 13 Perhaps, elite athletes have different coping mechanisms for pain to endure the demands of elite competition in which they place their body at risk for acute or overuse injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of spine MRIs in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games

Wasserman

Guermazi

Jarraya

et al. 2018

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Background/aimIn high-level Olympic athletes, many spinal pathologies arise from overuse, while others are the result of acute injury. Our aim is to analyse the epidemiology of spinal pathologies detected on MRI in athletes participating in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all spine MRIs performed during the 2016 Rio Games were analysed. Descriptive data from the MRIs were tabulated and analysed for disc degeneration, spinal canal and/or neural foraminal narrowing, and acute/chronic fractures. Data were analysed by sport, continent of origin, age and sex.ResultsOf 11 274 athletes participating in the Olympic games, 100 received spine MRI. Fifty-two of the 100 (52%) athletes who received cervical, thoracic and/or lumbar spine MRI showed moderate to severe spinal disease. The highest sport-specific incidence of moderate to severe spine disease was seen in aquatic diving athletes (67%, 3 per 100 divers). Weightlifting had the second highest sport-specific incidence of spine disease (67%, 1.5 per 100 weightlifters). Athletics used the most spine MRIs (31 of 107 MRIs, 29%). European athletes had more spine MRIs than all other continents combined (55 of 107 MRIs, 51%). Athletes over 30 years old had the highest rate of moderate to severe spine disease on MRI (24 of 37 athletes >30 years old, 65%).ConclusionsA high number of the world’s premier athletes demonstrated moderate to severe spine disease on MRI during the 2016 Summer Olympics, including moderate/severe degenerative disc changes with varying degrees of disc bulges and herniations.

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“…Thirty‐nine of the first low back pain periods occurred during the players’ first study year, eight during the second year, and one during the third study year, meaning that in most cases (81%), the time between the baseline test and the first low back pain period was 1 year or less. The lack of inclusion of psychosocial factors in the LBP risk factors is a limitation, as they have been shown to be associated with LBP in young people and LBP becoming chronic in athletes . In addition, we were unaware of the time spent in everyday physical activity or inactivity by the athletes outside their sport or the training characteristics of other sports they might play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors for back pain in young floorball and basketball players: A Prospective study

Rossi

Pasanen

Heinonen

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of back pain in young basketball and floorball players under 21 years of age. The secondary aim was to examine risk factors especially for low back pain (LBP). Nine basketball and nine floorball teams (n = 396) participated in this prospective follow-up study (2011-2014). Young athletes (mean age 15.8 ± 1.9) performed physical tests and completed a questionnaire at baseline. The follow-up lasted 1-3 years per player. During the follow-up, back pain reported by the players was registered on a weekly basis and verified by a study physician. The exposure time (AE) on team practices and games was recorded by the coach. Altogether back pain was reported 61 times by 51 players. The incidence of back pain was 87 per 1000 athlete-years and 0.4 per 1000 hours of AE. Hamstrings, quadriceps and iliopsoas extensibility and general joint hypermobility were not associated with LBP. Furthermore, no association between LBP and leg extension strength or isometric hip abduction strength asymmetry was found in these young basketball and floorball players. In conclusion, back pain can lead to a considerable time-loss from training and competition among young basketball and floorball players and the pain tends to reoccur. Lower extremity muscle extensibility, general joint hypermobility or investigated lower extremity strength measures were not associated with the risk of LBP.

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Low back pain in athletes and non-athletes: a group comparison of basic pain parameters and impact on sports activity

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Psychological pain responses in athletes and non‐athletes with low back pain: Avoidance and endurance matter

Psychological pain responses in athletes and non‐athletes with low back pain: Avoidance and endurance matter

Evaluation of spine MRIs in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games

Incidence and risk factors for back pain in young floorball and basketball players: A Prospective study

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