Low blood lead levels impair intellectual and hematological function in children from Cartagena, Caribbean coast of Colombia

Álvarez-Ortega, Neda; Caballero-Gallardo, Karina; Olívero-Verbel, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.08.006

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Lead, on the other hand, is classified by the IARC as a possibly carcinogenic element (group 2B) for humans It acts mainly on heme synthesis and thiol‐containing enzymes, counteracting antioxidant mechanisms and increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis in different tissues . At the low end of the blood Pb concentration range, adverse effects include delayed sexual maturation, increased blood pressure, impaired renal glomerular filtration rate and delayed or impaired development of the central nervous system . In adults, once Pb is absorbed from different sources, almost 100% is excreted from the body within a couple of weeks .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only about 30% of Pb leaves a child’s body within the same time period, accumulating in the bones and remaining there for decades . Studies have reported neurobehavioral deficits in children associated with Pb exposure, with decreased cognitive scores even at blood concentrations below 100 μg/l . Lead can be particularly neurotoxic to neonates because of their physiological differences related to age and critical period of rapid brain development .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have reported neurobehavioral deficits in children associated with Pb exposure, with decreased cognitive scores even at blood concentrations below 100 μg/l . Lead can be particularly neurotoxic to neonates because of their physiological differences related to age and critical period of rapid brain development . For these reasons, in 2012, the CDC declared that there are no safe levels of Pb for children .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cadmium and lead are toxic to tissues such as kidneys, lungs, bones, heart, vessels, brain, and reproductive system, even at low concentrations . In children, lead is associated with impairments to physical growth, learning, and memory . Even at blood concentrations below 100 μg/l, it is associated to cognitive, behavioural, and psychological disorders, and can cause irreversible neurological impairment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic elements in packed red blood cells from smoker donors: a risk for paediatric transfusion?

et al. 2019

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Background and ObjectivesSmokers currently have no defined restrictions for blood donation. However, cigarette smoke contains toxic substances such as carbon monoxide (CO) and trace elements that can affect the packed red blood cells (PRBCs) quality and safety of transfusion. This study evaluated the effects of smoking on the concentration of essential and trace elements and on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in PRBCs from smoker donors. Materials and MethodsA matched case-control study was conducted to compare COHb levels, determined by the CO-oximetry method, and levels of trace (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, As and Hg) and essential (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn) elements evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in PRBCs from smoker (n = 36) and non-smoker (n = 36) donors at Hospital de Cl ınicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Results Mean COHb level was 14 times higher in the PRBCs obtained from smoker donors (5Á9 [4Á0-9Á1] vs. 0Á4 [0Á2-0Á8]%). Cadmium (1Á0 [1Á0-1Á8] lg/l vs. undetectable) and lead (27 [21-36] vs. 19 [14-26] lg/l) levels were significantly higher in the PRBCs from smokers. Moreover, except for molybdenum, levels of all essential elements were lower in smoker PRBCs. ConclusionThe PRBCs donated by smokers contain toxic elements that are probably not safe for transfusion in children. Our results might support changes in the current guidelines of blood banks to improve the transfusion safety through inclusion of inquiry about smoking in the clinical screening, labelling and reserve PRBCs from smoker donors for adults or less critical recipients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic elements in packed red blood cells from smoker donors: a risk for paediatric transfusion?

et al. 2019

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“…In 1991, the Center for Disease Control in the United States (CDC) proposed a blood lead (BPb) concentration of 10 µg/dL as an action level based on findings that Pb affects the cognitive development in children. However, recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate lowered Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and poorer academic achievement at even lower concentrations, i.e., 5 µg/dL or lower [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In addition, Schwartz [ 7 ] and Lanphear et al [ 8 ] claimed that no threshold exists for low BPb, where no cognitive effect was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification Analysis of Lead in the Blood of Japanese Children by Stable Isotope Analysis

Takagi

Tanaka

Seyama

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Considering the negative effect of lead (Pb) on children’s neurodevelopment, Pb exposure should be minimized to the lowest extent possible, though the blood Pb (BPb) concentrations in Japanese children are among the lowest in the world. To identify the sources of Pb in blood, isotope ratios (IRs: 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) of Pb (PbIR) in whole blood from eight Japanese children were measured by multi-collector ICP mass spectrometry. Further, samples of house dust, soil, duplicate diet, and tobacco, collected from home environments, were also measured and were compared with PbIR of blood case by case. The relative contribution of Pb in the home environment to BPb were estimated by linear programming (finding an optimal solution which satisfy the combination of IRs and intakes from various sources) when appropriate. Source apportionment for three children could be estimated, and contributions of diet, soil, and house dust were 19–34%, 0–55%, and 20–76%, respectively. PbIR for the remaining five children also suggested that non-dietary sources also contributed to Pb exposure, though quantitative contributions could not be estimated. Non-dietary sources such as soil, house dust, and passive tobacco smoke are also important contributors to Pb exposure for Japanese children based on PbIR results.

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Sustainability impacts of sediments on the estuary, ports, and fishing communities of Cartagena Bay, Colombian Caribbean

Tosic,

Restrepo Ángel

2023

WIREs Water

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This article reviews research on sediment flux impacts on the receiving estuary, ports, and society in Cartagena, Colombia. The city hosts both the country's largest touristic and coastal industrial sectors and is home to vulnerable coastal communities whose health and livelihoods are impacted by pollution. These marginalized artisanal fishing communities lack basic water and health services but have finally been recognized in a new intersectoral committee for Cartagena Bay's environmental management. To support the governance of these complex socioenvironmental challenges, the Cartagena Bay Observatory has been developed as a scientific tool to monitor the bay's conditions and forecast the effects of future sediment remediation plans. Cartagena Bay receives large freshwater discharges from the Dique Canal, draining from the 260,000 km2 Magdalena River watershed where 80% of the national population resides. This runoff transports sediment loads of 2.3 Mt/year, dispersing large plumes that affect the marine ecosystems and tourism and make the bay one of the Caribbean's largest sediment‐receiving estuaries. Following decades of watershed deforestation and erosion, the upward trending sediment inputs and accretion of the Dique delta have resulted in deposition rates of 1.8 cm/year, and the need for frequent dredging. Mercury dumped by a chemical industry in the 1970s can be found in concentrations as high as 18.8 μg/g buried below the bay's bottom. Mercury has also been found in the bay's biota and human populations, and so the dredging needed for the port's sustainability thereby presents a health risk by allowing this trapped mercury to surface.This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water Quality Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

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Low blood lead levels impair intellectual and hematological function in children from Cartagena, Caribbean coast of Colombia

Cited by 39 publications

References 68 publications

Toxic elements in packed red blood cells from smoker donors: a risk for paediatric transfusion?

Toxic elements in packed red blood cells from smoker donors: a risk for paediatric transfusion?

Source Identification Analysis of Lead in the Blood of Japanese Children by Stable Isotope Analysis

Sustainability impacts of sediments on the estuary, ports, and fishing communities of Cartagena Bay, Colombian Caribbean

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