Low‐carbohydrate diet and oxidative stress in diabetic and nondiabetic rats

Abstract

Hyperglycemia of diabetes has been implicated in increased tissue oxidative stress, with consequent development of secondary complications. Thus, stabilizing glucose levels near normal levels is of utmost importance. Because diet influences glycemic control, this study investigated whether a low-carbohydrate (5.5%) diet confers beneficial effects on the oxidative status of the heart, kidney, and liver in diabetes. Male and female normal and diabetic rats were fed standard chow (63% carbohydrates) or low-carbohydrate diet for 30 days. Elevated glucose, HbA(1c), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in diabetic animals were reduced or normalized by the low-carbohydrate diet. While diabetes increased cardiac activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, low-carbohydrate diet normalized cardiac glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic animals, and reduced catalase activity in females. Diabetic rats fed low-carbohydrate diet had altered activities of renal glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, but increased renal glutathione peroxidase activity in diabetic animals was not corrected by the test diet. In the liver, diabetes was associated with a decrease in catalase activity and glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities. Decreased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation were noted in diet-treated diabetic rats. Overall, the low-carbohydrate diet helped stabilize hyperglycemia and did not produce overtly negative effects in tissues of normal or diabetic rats.

The microstructural effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola (Linn) on the hippocampus and cerebellum of malnourished mice

“…Cell death has two types, namely apoptotic and necrotic cell death. These two types differ morphologically and biochemically [8][9][10][11] . Accidental cell death is regarded as necrotic and could result from extrinsic insults to the cell such as osmotic, thermal, toxic and traumatic effects [11][12][13] .…”

“…G. kola seeds contain biflavonoid possessing antiinflammatory properties [4] and are a natural antioxidant [1][2][3][4] . Constituents of the seed of G. kola include [1][2][3][8][9][10][11] benzophenones, Garcinia biflavonones (GB-1, GB-2) and kola flavonone [2,3] . Apigenin based flavonoids represent 60% of the total flavonoids present in the diethyl ether fraction of G. kola seed [4] .…”

Effect of caloric restriction with and without exercise training on oxidative stress and endothelial function in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes

“…In addition, in the present study, the decrease in MDA levels was not accompanied by a change in total antioxidant capacity. This further suggests that the lowered oxidative stress was not principally because of an enhanced removal of reactive oxygen species but was more likely to reflect a reduced reduction of reactive oxygen species resulting from the downregulation of the polyol pathway, glucose auto‐oxidation, advanced glycation end products, protein kinase C or NADPH oxidase activation [54]. Lipid peroxidation is believed to be involved in oxidative modifications of LDL that is associated with atherogenesis [55] and is also thought to be an important factor in DNA damage and cell death [32].…”

Histopathological studies of acute and chronic effects of Calliandra portoricensis leaf extract on the stomach and pancreas of adult Swiss albino mice

“…Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Normally, the body produces an armoury of antioxidants to defend itself [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . It's the job of antioxidants to neutralise or 榬mop up榮 free radicals that can harm our cells [23,24] .…”