Low-concentration ethanol stove for rural areas in India

Rajvanshi, Anil K.; Patil, Shivakumar; Mendonça, Bruno Pietsch Cunha

doi:10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60568-2

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The smallholders lacked the technology for ethanol dehydration such as the use of molecular sieves, azeotropic distillation, counter current distillation etc. This challenge can be overcome by modifying the Nigerian Biofuel Policy [41] to permit the use of low concentration ethanol cooking fuel [42] as practiced in India [43][44][45] and hydrous ethanol for automobiles, as commonly practiced in Brazil [31,32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Fermentation and Distillation of Raffia Palm Sap for the Production of Bioethanol in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ohimain¹

2013

J. Technol. Innov. Renew. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of alcoholic beverages from the sap of raffia palm, Raphia hookeri, has continued for decades in West Africa, but the detailed processes had never been documented before. The objective of this study is to document the traditional process of ethanol production, with the aim of scaling up the process for the production of fuel ethanol. Ten smallholder ethanol production facilities were randomly selected, and triplicate samples of the process intermediates were collected and analysed, including fermented palm sap, first and second distillate, first and second stillage. Results show that the percentage of ethanol was significantly different (P<0.05) among the different intermediates. The highest ethanol presence was recorded in the second distillate (39-61.5%), followed by the first distillate (18.83-39%), then the first stillage (5.80-10.20%), the palm sap (10.50-15.30%) and finally the second stillage (3.40-5.80%).Yeast population, pH, sugar, specific gravity and electrical conductivity differed significantly among the various sites and intermediates. Wood (105-155kg) was used as fuel to boil 280-480L of fermented palm sap producing 20L of 39-61.5% ethanol. The smallholder processors are however challenged by the poor distillation apparatus and the lack of ethanol dehydration facilities. The study concludes by recommending the modification of the Nigerian Biofuel Policy (2007) to allow the use of hydrous ethanol in automobiles and low concentration ethanol for household cooking.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Fermentation and Distillation of Raffia Palm Sap for the Production of Bioethanol in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Ohimain¹

2013

J. Technol. Innov. Renew. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These digesters have been widely implemented in coffee growing regions around the world where coffee wastes are added to seasonal feedstocks (Bombardiere, 2006 Conversion of coffee byproducts to ethanol has been underdeveloped as a route for energy production and water remediation (Rathinavelu and Graziosi, 2005). This can be attributed to the capital cost for equipment, energy requirements of distillation, and (in India) social issues related to alcohol abuse (Rajvanshi et al, 2007). Additionally, the sweet water resource is seasonal and would need to be augmented by other materials to make for year-round production.…”

Section: Byproduct Management and Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing coffee production loops with waste to ethanol in Matagalpa, Nicaragua

Ferrell

Cockerill

2012

Energy for Sustainable Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wet milling of coffee cherries is an effective process resulting in a high quality, high value product; however, it requires large volumes of fresh water and produces wastewater and pulp byproducts that pose environmental threats if unmitigated. A promising sucrose source is the fermentation sweet water (agua miel in Spanish) that showed an average Brix value of 12 from our sample area. These sugars can be directly fermented with conventional yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis for conversion to ethyl alcohol. These sugars are the primary agent for eutrophication of adjacent water sources. Sweet water effluent samples from our study area in Nicaragua showed a pH of 4.64, ammonia nitrogen at > 10 mg/L, phosphates of 150 mg/L, dissolved oxygen of 0.01 mg/L and BOD > 200 ppm. Upon release into surface water sources, this concentrated effluent impacts aquatic life and creates ideal conditions for bacterial growth. Often, it leaches into the shallow groundwater sources, thus polluting drinking water for local communities. Health effects from consuming contaminated drinking water include skin irritation, stomach problems, nausea, and breathing problems. Surveys conducted in the study area showed a community with limited access to electricity and potable water whose greatest needs include health, education, and cooking fuels. The community was aware of negative environmental effects from wet-milling during the coffee harvest season. The objective of this study is to identify mitigation scenarios that utilize sweet water as a carbohydrate resource for conversion to bioethanol. Size of the byproduct resource base, economics of conversion, and technical and social feasibility for rural coffee producing communities are discussed. The study area for this research is an organic coffee farm (Finca Esperanza Verde, FEV) and surrounding communities in Matagalpa State in the central highlands of Nicaragua.

show abstract

“…Some biofuels are also used in stationary CHP engines as a substitute for petroleum fuels. The demand for large amounts of traditional solid biomass primarily in developing countries for cooking and heating could be replaced by more convenient gaseous fuels such as LPG, but also by liquid fuels produced from biomass such as ethanol gels (Utria, 2004;Rajvanshi et al, 2007) or dimethyl ether (DME) .…”

Section: Characteristics With Respect To Renewable Energy Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%