Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells

Xiong, Kuankuan; Tan, Lei; Yi, Siliang; Wu, Yingxin; Hu, Yi; Wang, Aibing; Yang, Lingchen

doi:10.3390/toxins14020121

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The healthy conditions of mice in different groups were monitored two times per day, and the survival curves of mice were generated using GraphPad Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). All survival mice were euthanized at 15 days post-inoculation, viral loads of different tissue samples (brain, lung, liver, and spleen) in three groups were determined via a verified real-time PCR assay as described previously ( 18 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Novel Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Derived From the Field Virus and Its Attenuated Vaccine in China

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence of pseudorabies (PR) caused by the PR virus (PRV) causes huge economic losses to the pig industry in China. Moreover, the potential threat of PRV to humans' health has received wide attention recently. The prevalence of two PRV genotypes and the application of their corresponding live attenuated vaccines increase the recombination possibility. In the present study, a novel recombinant PRV strain designed as HN-2019 was isolated from one sick piglet in Hunan province, China, its genetic features and pathogenicity were further investigated. The results showed that the glycoprotein E (gE) and gG genes of the HN-2019 strain displayed higher nucleotide homology with PRV classical strains (such as Ea and Fa) compared to others. However, its TK gene with continuous nucleotide deletions shared 100% nucleotide identity with the HB-98 vaccine strain, which was derived from the Ea strain. Moreover, the HN-2019 strain exhibited similar growth characteristics to that of the Ea strain, but its pathogenicity in mice was significantly lower than the latter one. The results above suggested that a naturally recombinant event might occur in the genome of the HN-2019 strain between the PRV classical strain and the HB-98 vaccine strain, which will provide useful guidelines for PRV vaccine design in the future.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Novel Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Derived From the Field Virus and Its Attenuated Vaccine in China

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, DON (0.14 and 0.28 µg/mL) was proven to decrease PRRSV replication by promoting inflammation and accelerating apoptosis [ 42 ]. Similarly, low-concentration T-2 toxin (T2; T2 and DON belong to the trichothecene family, and are trichothecene A and B, respectively) could decrease the replication of pseudorabies virus (PRV) via down-regulating the oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related pathways [ 61 ]. The mechanism of mycotoxins affecting viral infections is summarized in Figure 4 .…”

Section: Effects Of the Three Mycotoxins On Pathogen Infections And T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicity of Three Environmental Mycotoxins and Their Risks of Increasing Pathogen Infections

Sun

Song

Long

et al. 2023

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the three mycotoxins that have received the most scholarly attention and have been tested most routinely in clinics. These mycotoxins not only suppress immune responses but also induce inflammation and even increase susceptibility to pathogens. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the determining factors for the bidirectional immunotoxicity of the three mycotoxins, their effects on pathogens, and their action mechanisms. The determining factors include mycotoxin exposure doses and times, as well as species, sex, and some immunologic stimulants. Moreover, mycotoxin exposure can affect the infection severity of some pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Their specific action mechanisms include three aspects: (1) mycotoxin exposure directly promotes the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms; (2) mycotoxins produce toxicity, destroy the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and promote inflammatory response, thereby improving the susceptibility of the host; (3) mycotoxins reduce the activity of some specific immune cells and induce immune suppression, resulting in reduced host resistance. The present review will provide a scientific basis for the control of these three mycotoxins and also provide a reference for research on the causes of increased subclinical infections.

show abstract

“…In this case, by promoting inflammation (through pro-inflammatory cytokines) and inducing apoptosis at an early stage, these concentrations effectively reduced replication of the PRRSV virus to bring about the observed effects ( 107 ). Finally, in porcine kidney (PK15) cells, the replication of the pseudorabies virus could be reduced by T-2 toxin of low concentrations ( 108 ).…”

Section: The Connection Between Viral Infections In Animals and Mycot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by selenium against mycotoxins and livestock viruses: A review

Fang

Liu

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal feed can easily be infected with molds during production and storage processes, and this can lead to the production of secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which eventually threaten human and animal health. Furthermore, livestock production is also not free from viral infections. Under these conditions, the essential trace element, selenium (Se), can confer various biological benefits to humans and animals, especially due to its anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to regulate immune responses. This article reviews the latest literature on the antagonistic effects of Se on mycotoxin toxicity and viral infections in animals. We outlined the systemic toxicity of mycotoxins and the primary mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced toxicity in this analysis. In addition, we pay close attention to how mycotoxins and viral infections in livestock interact. The use of Se supplementation against mycotoxin-induced toxicity and cattle viral infection was the topic of our final discussion. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is currently causing a health catastrophe, has altered our perspective on health concerns to one that is more holistic and increasingly embraces the One Health Concept, which acknowledges the interdependence of humans, animals, and the environment. In light of this, we have made an effort to present a thorough and wide-ranging background on the protective functions of selenium in successfully reducing mycotoxin toxicity and livestock viral infection. It concluded that mycotoxins could be systemically harmful and pose a severe risk to human and animal health. On the contrary, animal mycotoxins and viral illnesses have a close connection. Last but not least, these findings show that the interaction between Se status and host response to mycotoxins and cattle virus infection is crucial.

show abstract

Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Emergence of a Novel Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Derived From the Field Virus and Its Attenuated Vaccine in China

Emergence of a Novel Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Derived From the Field Virus and Its Attenuated Vaccine in China

Immunotoxicity of Three Environmental Mycotoxins and Their Risks of Increasing Pathogen Infections

Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by selenium against mycotoxins and livestock viruses: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About