Low-Contrast Dielectric Metasurface Optics

Zhan, Alan; Colburn, Shane; Trivedi, Rahul; Fryett, Taylor; Dodson, Chris M.; Majumdar, Arka

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00660

Cited by 270 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The design recipes of resonant metalenses are different from those of waveguide‐type metalenses, and are better understood in the language of localized 3D resonator modes. By combining two frequency‐matched resonances, each covering a standard phase range of π, a

2 π

‐phase excursion is imprinted by controlling the nanoresonator dimensions . The precise physical mechanism that is exploited can be well understood from a simple model, assuming that the resonant metasurface is equivalent to an idealized subwavelength array of metaatoms composed of a pair of electric and magnetic in‐plane dipoles with Lorentz polarizabilities .…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microposts offer high efficiencies. However, they can be used only for a reduced range of duty cycles to avoid spurious resonance with nearly null transmittance , and the aspect ratio is only weakly relaxed in comparison with the monomode guidance approach. Nanodisks appear more promising as they allow for significantly smaller aspect ratios that are fully compatible with standard industrial silicon technology, see Fig.…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metalenses at visible wavelengths: past, present, perspectives

Lalanne

Chavel

2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

444

325

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Abstract:The so-called 'flat optics' that shape the amplitude and phase of light with high spatial resolution are presently receiving considerable attention. Numerous publications in high-impact journals seemingly offer hope for great promises for ultra-flat metalenses with high efficiency, high numerical aperture, broadband operation... We temperate the expectation by referring the current status of metalenses against their historical background, assessing the technical and scientific challenges recently solved and critically identifying those that still stand in the way.

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2 π

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalenses at visible wavelengths: past, present, perspectives

Lalanne

Chavel

2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

444

325

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“…The corresponding refractive index and extinction coefficient of c-silicon and a-silicon are nc-si = 4.142, na-si = 4.496, kc-si = 0.0324, kasi = 0.4552. Alternatively, Titanium dioxide (TiO2), 30,31 silicon nitride (Si3N4) 32 and silica (SiO2) 33 have been used for all-dielectric metasurfaces based on their high transparency throughout the visible spectrum. For example, a 600 nm thin TiO2 film has recently been patterned into nanofins in order to form a high numerical aperture (NA) metalens for operation at visible wavelengths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Silicon Metasurfaces for Visible Light

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Su³

et al. 2017

ACS Photonics

238

184

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Dielectric metasurfaces require high refractive index contrast materials for optimum performance. This requirement imposes a severe restraint; devices have either been demonstrated at wavelengths of 700nm and above using high-index semiconductors such as silicon, or they use lower index dielectric materials such as TiO2 or Si3N4 and operate in the visible wavelength regime.Here, we show that the high refractive index of silicon can be exploited at wavelengths as short as 532 nm by demonstrating a silicon metasurface with a transmission efficiency of 47% at this wavelength. The metasurface consists of a graded array of silicon posts arranged in a square lattice on a quartz substrate. We show full 2π phase control and we experimentally demonstrate

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“…[34] Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. [33,34,145,146] Figure 5c presents a polarization-independent silicon metasurface for high-efficiency optical vortex generation at telecom wavelengths. Reproduced with permission.…”

Section: Optical Vortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

126

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elements. Thus, realizing phase manipulation of EM waves at the nanoscale has become a key pursuit for the development of modern optics and nanophotonics.Metamaterials are 3D artificial nanostructures composed of periodic subwavelength unit cells that resonantly couple to the incident EM waves, exhibiting effective electric and magnetic responses not found in nature. [1][2][3] However, these promising potential applications are hindered in their applications due to the challenges of fabricating the required complex 3D nanostructures and the inherent metallic losses and strong dispersion of plasmonic elements at optical frequencies. Planar metamaterials, or so-called metasurfaces, can be fabricated using existing technologies, such as the lithography method and have attracted increasing attention due to their feasibility, low loss, and ease of fabrication. [4,5] The most prominent advantage of metasurfaces is that they can generate spatial phase discontinuities over the full 2π range with an optically thin interface; moreover, the resolution is less than one wavelength. Thus, wavefronts can be shaped with a distance of much less than the wavelength. With the increasing development of metasurfaces, the aforementioned limitations can be solved using various ultrathin optical devices, which have properties superior to their conventional counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Here, we concentrate on the new capabilities of metasurfaces in recent years in manipulating the phase and propagation behaviors of EM waves. In Section 2, we briefly introduce the underlying mechanisms of three types of phase discontinuities. In Section 3, we review the basic applications of phase modulation using metasurfaces. In Section 4, we review more complex and advanced information photonics that have emerged from metasurfaces. In the last section, we provide concluding remarks and an outlook on future development directions. Three Basic Types of Phase Discontinuities Generated by Metasurfaces Resonance PhaseThe pioneering approach to achieve phase discontinuities was to use the dispersion of various metallic nanoantennas, as shown in the left panel of Figure 1a. The optical energy is coupled to surface EM waves propagating back and forth along the antenna surface. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, these waves are accompanied by oscillating free electrons Relative to conventional phase-modulation optical elements, metasurfaces (i.e., 2D versions of metamaterials) have shown novel optical phenomena and promising functionalities with more compact platforms and more straightforward fabrication processes. With the ability to generate a spatial phase variation, optical wavefronts can be manipulated into arbitrary shapes at will, enabling new phenomena and integrated ultrathin optical devices to be explored. This review is focused on recent developments regarding phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Starting from their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation, an overview of the applica...

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Low-Contrast Dielectric Metasurface Optics

Cited by 270 publications

References 36 publications

Metalenses at visible wavelengths: past, present, perspectives

Metalenses at visible wavelengths: past, present, perspectives

Efficient Silicon Metasurfaces for Visible Light

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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