A 43 Gbit/s receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) module using a compact transistor outline-can (TO-can) package has been developed and successfully demonstrated at transmission over a 2 km singlemode fibre. The electrical interface of the ROSA is made of an impedance-matched flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) which is orthogonally connected to the TO-can package. The measured 3 dB optical-to-electrical bandwidth is ∼31.5 GHz and the receiver sensitivity is <−8.4 dBm at an extinction ratio of 8.2 dB and a bit error rate of 10 −12. Introduction: To support 40GBASE-FR, OC-768, STM-256 and OTU-3 network applications, optical transmitter and receiver modules operating up to 43 Gbit/s are needed. The conventional 43 Gbit/s optical modules [1, 2] supporting XLMD MSA [3] have usually been provided with a bandwidth guaranteeing a butterfly package. Recently, XLMD2 MSA has been announced as the standard reflecting the need for compact and low-cost optical modules [3]. For implementing the module compatible with XLMD2 MSA, a transistor outline-can (TO-can) package is an attractive solution because it is a proven technology and much cheaper and smaller than the butterfly package. However, up to now, due to its limited bandwidth, it has been used for the optical modules <10 Gbit/s [4, 5]. There have been various approaches to increase the operating frequency bandwidth of the TO-can package. The authors' previous work [6] and Ban et al. [7] have improved the signal transition path between the TO-can package and the flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) to increase the operating frequency bandwidth and Sumitomo Electric [8] is commercially providing a 25 Gbit/s receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA) using a TO-can package integrated with a ceramic layer. In this Letter, we present the world's first 43 Gbit/s ROSA module based on the TO-can package, which is compatible with XLMD2 MSA, to the best of our knowledge.