Low-Cost Portable Readout System Design for Inductively Coupled Resonant Sensors

Roy, Subhanwit; Chan, Yee Jher; Reuel, Nigel F.; Neihart, Nathan M.

doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3173277

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Resonant sensors directly reporting cell growth -operating principles Resonant sensors, also known as passive LC sensors, are wirelessly interrogated through inductive coupling. The system is comprised of a patterned sensor coil [48] and a reader antenna connected to a reader (vector network analyzer or custom impedance board) [49] that sweeps through frequencies and observes changes in reflected or transmitted power. The sensor coil has an intrinsic inductance and parasitic capacitance (LC), which upon inductive coupling, oscillates at a specific resonant frequency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-use, Metabolite Absorbing, Resonant Transducer (SMART) culture vessels for label-free, continuous cell culture progression monitoring

Chan,

Dileep,

Rothstein

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Secreted metabolites are an important class of bio-process analytical technology (PAT) targets that can correlate to cell condition. However, current strategies for measuring metabolites are limited to discrete measurements, resulting in limited understanding and ability for feedback control strategies. Herein, we demonstrated a continuous metabolite monitoring strategy using a single-use metabolite absorbing resonant transducer (SMART) to correlate with cell growth. Polyacrylate was shown to absorb secreted metabolites from living cells containing hydroxyl and alkenyl groups such as terpenoids, that act as a plasticizer. Upon softening, the polyacrylate irreversibly conformed into engineered voids above a resonant sensor, changing the local permittivity which is interrogated, contact-free, with a vector network analyzer. Compared to sensing using the intrinsic permittivity of cells, the SMART approach yields a 20-fold improvement in sensitivity. Tracking growth of many cell types such as Chinese hamster ovary, HEK293, K562, HeLa, and E. coli cells as well as perturbations in cell proliferation during drug screening assays were demonstrated. The sensor was benchmarked to show continuous measurement over six days, ability to track different growth conditions, selectivity to transducing active cell growth metabolites against other components found in the media, and feasibility to scale out for high throughput campaigns.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-use, Metabolite Absorbing, Resonant Transducer (SMART) culture vessels for label-free, continuous cell culture progression monitoring

Chan,

Dileep,

Rothstein

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…103−105 Instead, LC resonators, with their narrowband resonance, focus on a smaller range of frequencies allowing for lower cost VNAs and custom readers. 30 However, sensitivity toward the analyte and selectivity would need to be optimized before resonators can be used in clinical practice.…”

Section: ■ Outlook For Resonant Sensors In Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signal measuring unit is a device that measures the impedance or reflection properties across a frequency range such as a vector network analyzer (VNA). Traditional rack VNAs for microwave circuit design have a high cost that would exclude resonant sensors from several applications; however, low-cost VNA options have been demonstrated − as well as lower cost, custom, portable readers for sensing applications.…”

Section: Resonant Sensor Theory and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resonators have been demonstrated for a number of biomedical applications in the literature and could replace many of the existing sensors including three-electrode systems and bioimpedance spectroscopy. One example would be replacing the use of broadband or wideband microwave sensors which require expensive analyzers to perform large frequency sweeps to measure dielectric properties of a sample, which is currently applied to detection of malignant tumors. − Instead, LC resonators, with their narrowband resonance, focus on a smaller range of frequencies allowing for lower cost VNAs and custom readers . However, sensitivity toward the analyte and selectivity would need to be optimized before resonators can be used in clinical practice.…”

Section: Outlook For Resonant Sensors In Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact-Free, Passive, Electromagnetic Resonant Sensors for Enclosed Biomedical Applications: A Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

2023

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Inexpensive and accurate tools for monitoring conditions in enclosed environments (through garments, bandages, tissue, etc.) have been a long-standing goal of medicine. Passive resonant sensors are a promising solution for such wearable health sensors as well as off-body diagnostics. They are simple circuits with inherent inductance and capacitance (LC tank) that have a measurable resonant frequency. Changes in local parameters, e.g., permittivity or geometry, effect inductance and capacitance which cause a resonant frequency shift response. This signal transduction has been applied to several biomedical applications such as intracranial pressure, hemodynamics, epidermal hydration, etc. Despite these many promising applications presented in the literature, resonant sensors still do not see widespread adoption in biomedical applications, especially as wearable or embedded sensing devices. This perspective highlights some of the current challenges facing LC resonant sensors in biomedical applications, such as positional sensitivity, and potential strategies that have been developed to overcome them. An outlook on adoption in medicine and health monitoring is presented, and a perspective is given on next steps for research in this field.

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“…The IU includes a primary coil with front-end electronics for contactless excitation and read-out. The proposed approach of interrogating the passive SU offers high accuracy and, at the same time, paves the way to the fabrication of a fully integrated compact system, since the use of bench instrumentation for the readout of the resonant frequency is not required [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Passive Sensor Patch with Contactless Readout for Measurement of Human Body Temperature

et al. 2023

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A passive flexible patch for human skin temperature measurement based on contact sensing and contactless interrogation is presented. The patch acts as an RLC resonant circuit embedding an inductive copper coil for magnetic coupling, a ceramic capacitor as the temperature-sensing element and an additional series inductor. The temperature affects the capacitance of the sensor and consequently the resonant frequency of the RLC circuit. Thanks to the additional inductor, the dependency of the resonant frequency from the bending of the patch has been reduced. Considering a curvature radius of the patch of up to 73 mm, the maximum relative variation in the resonant frequency has been reduced from 812 ppm to 7.5 ppm. The sensor has been contactlessly interrogated by a time-gated technique through an external readout coil electromagnetically coupled to the patch coil. The proposed system has been experimentally tested within the range of 32–46 °C, giving a sensitivity of −619.8 Hz/°C and a resolution of 0.06 °C.

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Low-Cost Portable Readout System Design for Inductively Coupled Resonant Sensors

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Single-use, Metabolite Absorbing, Resonant Transducer (SMART) culture vessels for label-free, continuous cell culture progression monitoring

Single-use, Metabolite Absorbing, Resonant Transducer (SMART) culture vessels for label-free, continuous cell culture progression monitoring

Contact-Free, Passive, Electromagnetic Resonant Sensors for Enclosed Biomedical Applications: A Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges

Flexible Passive Sensor Patch with Contactless Readout for Measurement of Human Body Temperature

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