Low-Density Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Bound with Potato Starch-Based Adhesive

Monteiro, Sandra; Nunes, Lina; Martins, Jorge; Magalhães, Fernão D.; Carvalho, Luísa

doi:10.3390/polym12081799

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The stalks, branches, and leaves are a by-product with no added value. The aqueous extracts from its flowers have been used for centuries as coagulant, due to high content of aspartic proteases and high milk-clotting activity (Monteiro et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Using Cardoon Leaf Extract and Citric Acid as Bio-adhesive

Santos

Pereira

Ferra³

et al. 2021

Mater Circ Econ

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Cardoon plants are cultivated mostly for the added value of their flowers, used in the cheese industry as a coagulant, but the stalks, branches and leaves are a by-product with no added value. In the present work, totally biosourced particleboards were produced using cardoon particles, bound with an adhesive based on a cardoon leaf extract and citric acid. For that, the highly polyphenolic extract was obtained from the underutilized leaves of the plant. Extraction was performed with water in alkali conditions. The extract was combined with citric acid as crosslinking agent. The effects of the content of cardoon leaf extract and citric acid (0-50% on weight, dry basis) and the pressing temperature were evaluated by Automatic Bonding Evaluation System (ABES). The chemical curing reaction of cardoon leaf extract alone and with citric acid was evaluated by FTIR-ATR. The best formulations were used to produce the bio-adhesive and the cardoon-based particleboards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent works show that cardoon particles can be combined with starch-based binder for producing low-density particleboards appropriate for interior furniture (Monteiro et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Using Cardoon Leaf Extract and Citric Acid as Bio-adhesive

Santos

Pereira

Ferra³

et al. 2021

Mater Circ Econ

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“…However, the branches, stalks and lees are considered by-products and they are mainly used for producing energy and oils for human and animal consumption [ 19 ]. Besides its renewable and sustainable nature, this type of material has a lower density (between 70 and 220 kg m −3 ), making it an excellent option for the production of lightweight composite materials [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane

Fernandes,

Ferreira,

Lopes

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The search for innovative and sustainable solutions to improve the energy efficiency of the construction industry has been a hot topic for researchers due to the tremendous impact of insulator materials in the thermal comfort of buildings. In the present work, an innovative lightweight composite material with thermal insulation properties was developed, for the first time, by using cardoon particles and polyurethane. The formulation of the composite material was optimized in terms of cardoon fraction and the polyol/isocyanate ratio, to achieve the best compromise between internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS). The best performing composite was PU75-CP45, with 45 wt% of cardoon particles and 75% of isocyanate, achieving an IB of 0.41 MPa and a TS of 5.3%. Regarding insulation properties, the PU75-CP45 composite material exhibits a promising performance when compared to conventional construction industry materials by tuning its thickness. Additionally, the composite material presented very low emissions of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (bellow to legislation levels) and high resistance to biological degradation.

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“…Agricultural residues are renewable and abundant materials and have been seen as a good option as alternative materials for the production of particleboards. An example is the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) fibers that possess good mechanical properties, suitable for structural applications where strength is important, and exhibit good thermal insulation properties [13]. Cardoon is grown mainly in the Mediterranean regions and has an average biomass yield of 7.5 ± 3.8 t ha −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of cardoon particles with a starch-based adhesive is therefore a promising bio-based solution for low-density particleboards suitable, for example, for interior furnishings [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Analysis of a Particleboard Based on Cardoon and Starch/Chitosan

Mata,

Freitas,

Silva

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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This work analyzes the life cycle environmental impacts of producing a particleboard based on cardoon fibers and a starch/chitosan adhesive from a “cradle-to-gate” perspective, considering the following life cycle steps: raw material production, adhesive preparation (component mixing and heating), cardoon fiber preparation (crushing and sieving), adhesive and fiber mixing, hot-pressing and final processing. The functional unit is a particleboard with the dimensions of 220 × 220 × 16 mm3. For the life cycle inventory, experimental data obtained from the production of particleboard on a pilot scale were used. The Aspen Plus V9 software was used to simulate the heating process in the manufacture of the biological adhesive and obtain the data associated with this stage. Portuguese or European conditions were considered for the background processes, using data from the EcoInvent V3.5 LCI database. The environmental impacts were quantified using the RECIPE methodology. To complement the study, the VOCs present in the panel were analyzed using the “active headspace” technique. The results show that for most of the environmental impact categories, energy consumption is dominant, followed by starch and chitosan production. Using fully renewable electricity produced in photovoltaic panels, instead of the Portuguese electricity mix, significantly reduces the impacts in most of the environmental impact categories, for example, the carbon footprint is reduced by 34%. Future studies will analyze how the environmental impacts can be further reduced, and how process scale-up may influence them.

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Low-Density Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Bound with Potato Starch-Based Adhesive

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

New Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Using Cardoon Leaf Extract and Citric Acid as Bio-adhesive

New Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Particleboards Using Cardoon Leaf Extract and Citric Acid as Bio-adhesive

Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane

Life Cycle Analysis of a Particleboard Based on Cardoon and Starch/Chitosan

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