Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering treatment: the current approach

Crismaru, Irina; Stoian, Anca Pantea; Bratu, Ovidiu Gabriel; Găman, Mihnea‐Alexandru; Stănescu, Ana Maria Alexandra; Bacalbaşa, Nicolae; Diaconu, Camelia Cristina

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01275-x

Cited by 55 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, decrease the cholesterol content of cells in experimental and clinical settings, and they have also been reported to decrease the dipole potential of the plasma membrane (32,34). Statins are the most commonly used therapeutic agents to treat hypercholesterolemia due to their beneficial effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (35)(36)(37)(38). Although adverse effects, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although adverse effects, e.g. myopathy, liver dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, have been associated with statins, they are usually well tolerated and successfully used even in combination with other drugs such as cholesterol absorption inhibitors or fibrates (38)(39)(40)(41). While the primary mechanism of action of all statins is identical, there are significant differences in their efficacy and bioavailability (40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statin-boosted cellular uptake of penetratin due to reduced membrane dipole potential

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Kárpáti

Henrique

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Since cell penetrating peptides are promising tools for delivery of cargo into cells, factors limiting or facilitating their cellular uptake are intensely studied. Using labeling with pH-insensitive and pH-sensitive dyes we report that escape of penetratin from acidic endo-lysosomal compartments is retarded compared to its cellular uptake. The membrane dipole potential, known to alter transmembrane transport of charged molecules, is shown to be negatively correlated with the concentration of penetratin in the cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of cells with therapeutically relevant concentrations of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis, significantly increased the release of penetratin from acidic endocytic compartments in two different cell types. This effect of atorvastatin correlated with its ability to decrease the membrane dipole potential. These results highlight the importance of the dipole potential in regulating cellular uptake of cell penetrating peptides and suggest a clinically relevant way of boosting this process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin-boosted cellular uptake of penetratin due to reduced membrane dipole potential

Batta

Kárpáti

Henrique

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The risk of myopathy rises because of muscle atrophy associated with advanced age. By reducing the distribution volume, similar effects can be obtained, albeit with a smaller dose [ 110 , 111 ]. Treatment costs for the elderly.…”

Section: Statin Treatment In Postmenopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Therapy Considerations in Women

et al. 2020

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Despite major progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, women remain an underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated group, with higher hospitalization and death rates compared to men. Obesity, more frequently encountered in women, raises the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases as women age. There are some differences based on sex regarding the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of dyslipidemia, as it has been observed that women are less frequently prescribed statins and, when they are, they receive lower doses, even after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. Real-life data show that, compared to men, women are at higher risk of non-adherence to statin treatment and are more predisposed to discontinue treatment because of side effects. Statin metabolism has some particularities in women, due to a lower glomerular filtration rate, higher body fat percentage, and overall faster statin metabolism. In women of fertile age, before initiating statin treatment, contraception methods should be discussed because statins may have teratogenic effects. Older women have a higher likelihood of polypharmacy, with greater potential for drug interactions when prescribing a statin.

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“…Some unsaturated fatty acids have vital therapeutic properties and benefits for the body. Omega-3 fatty acids lower cholesterol and fat levels in the bloodstream and “cleanse” the blood vessels lining [ 120 ]. The use of ω-3 fatty acids as a remedy for heart disease, coronary disease, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and immunodeficiency diseases has been revealed by some research [ 97 , 121 ].…”

Section: Algae As Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Diverse and Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Marine Phylum chlorophyta

et al. 2020

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For a long time, algal chemistry from terrestrial to marine or freshwater bodies, especially chlorophytes, has fascinated numerous investigators to develop new drugs in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. As such, chlorophytes comprise a diverse structural class of secondary metabolites, having functional groups that are specific to a particular source. All bioactive compounds of chlorophyte are of great interest due to their supplemental/nutritional/pharmacological activities. In this review, a detailed description of the chemical diversity of compounds encompassing alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids and glycerides, their subclasses and their structures are discussed. These promising natural products have efficiency in developing new drugs necessary in the treatment of various deadly pathologies (cancer, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, several inflammations, etc.). Marine chlorophyte, therefore, is portrayed as a pivotal treasure in the case of drugs having marine provenience. It is a domain of research expected to probe novel pharmaceutically or nutraceutically important secondary metabolites resulting from marine Chlorophyta. In this regard, our review aims to compile the isolated secondary metabolites having diverse chemical structures from chlorophytes (like Caulerpa ssp., Ulva ssp., Tydemania ssp., Penicillus ssp., Codium ssp., Capsosiphon ssp., Avrainvillea ssp.), their biological properties, applications and possible mode of action.

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Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering treatment: the current approach

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Statin-boosted cellular uptake of penetratin due to reduced membrane dipole potential

Statin-boosted cellular uptake of penetratin due to reduced membrane dipole potential

Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Therapy Considerations in Women

Chemically Diverse and Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Marine Phylum chlorophyta

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