Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-apolipoprotein B ratio as a potential indicator of LDL particle size and plasma atherogenicity in type 2 diabetes

Viktorínová, Alena; Malickova, Danica; Sviteková, Klára; Choudhury, Sawkat; Križko, M

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108858

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They are also elevated in states of hyperglycemia such as gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy [ 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ]. Viktorinova and colleagues found that the level of small dense LDL in persons with diabetes can be estimated based on the ratio of LDL/apoB such that there is an inverse relationship between these parameters [ 193 ]. Since LDL and apoB are more routinely measured than small dense LDL, calculating this ratio can be applied as a CVD risk measure reflecting small dense LDL prevalence [ 194 ].…”

Section: How Do Pro-atherosclerotic Risk Factors Affect Apob Levels?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

et al. 2021

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Apolipoprotein (apo) B, the critical structural protein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, has two major isoforms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants with one apoB48 molecule per chylomicron particle. Similarly, a single apoB100 molecule is contained per particle of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL and lipoprotein(a). This unique one apoB per particle ratio makes plasma apoB concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. ApoB levels indicate the atherogenic particle concentration independent of the particle cholesterol content, which is variable. While LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying serum lipoprotein, is the primary therapeutic target for management and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, there is strong evidence that apoB is a more accurate indicator of cardiovascular risk than either total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. This review examines multiple aspects of apoB structure and function, with a focus on the controversy over use of apoB as a therapeutic target in clinical practice. Ongoing coronary artery disease residual risk, despite lipid-lowering treatment, has left patients and clinicians with unsatisfactory options for monitoring cardiovascular health. At the present time, the substitution of apoB for LDL-C in cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines has been deemed unjustified, but discussions continue.

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Section: How Do Pro-atherosclerotic Risk Factors Affect Apob Levels?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

et al. 2021

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“…LDL cholesterol-to-apo B ratio is a potential indicator of LDL particle size and plasma atherogenicity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as a potential indicator of increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. [ 5 ]. The emerging role of the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in the metabolism of sdLDL is also being increasingly recognized, since changes in RBP4 levels are associated with those in the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins during dietary and drug treatment [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on the Clinical Significance of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL and New Therapeutical Options

et al. 2021

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Dyslipidemia is a potent risk factor for the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and both the concentration and type of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) augment this association. The small, dense LDL (sdLDL) subfraction is the subtype which is most strongly predictive of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In addition to the traditionally available lipid-lowering treatment options, certain novel therapies have been shown to favorably impact sdLDL, among them the antidiabetic class of agents known as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs). These drugs seem to alter the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the formation and accumulation of atherogenic lipoprotein particles, thus potentially reducing cardiovascular outcomes. They represent a uniquely targeted therapeutic approach to reduce cardiometabolic risk and warrant further study for their beneficial nonglycemic actions.

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“…Venous blood samples (after fasting overnight) were obtained from all participants, anticoagulated, and divided into two parts; the first part was used for the measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using ARCHITECT c 4000 analyzers (Abbott Diagnostics), and the second part was centrifugated and the plasma obtained was used for the colorimetrical determination of glucose, TC, TG and HDL-C. 30–32 In addition, plasma insulin, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs were measured by MaxSignal® HTS DON ELISA Kits (Llantrisant, United Kingdom). Insulin resistance index (IRI) was measured according to the formula of Viktorinova et al 12 IRI = insulin (mU/mL) x glucose (mM)/22.5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory adipokines such IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 are produced when macronutrient intake rises, and this results in chronic inflammation in obese people. 12–16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammatory adipokines such IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 are produced when macronutrient intake rises, and this results in chronic inflammation in obese people. [12][13][14][15][16] Furthermore, an increase in free radical generation is linked to both diabetes mellitus and obesity. 17 These free radicals can interact with proteins, lipids, DNA, and other biological elements, which would injure cells and cause mutations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients

Mosaad¹,

Hussein²,

Ateyya³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Introduction Cysteamine, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, is produced mostly by the vanin-1 with pantetheinase activity. With regard to glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors, the current study sought to evaluate the association between the expression of the vanin-1 gene, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and iNOS signaling pathway in obese diabetic patients. Methods We enrolled 67 male subjects with an average age of 53.5 ± 5.0 years, divided into 4 groups according to the WHO guideline. We determined their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IRI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs, as well as expression of the iNOS and Vanin1 genes. Results Overweight and obese class I and II diabetics had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, CAT, and TBAR as well as iNOS and vanin-1 gene expression compared to healthy control individuals. In addition, as compared to healthy control individuals, overweight obese class I and II diabetics’ plasma HDL-C levels and blood SOD activity were significantly lower. In addition, ultrasound and computed tomography showed that the presence of a mild obscuring fatty liver with mild hepatic echogenicity appeared in overweight, class I and II obese diabetic patients. Conclusion These findings provide important information for understanding the correlation between Vanin 1 and glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors in obese patients. Furthermore, US and CT analysis were performed to visualize the observed images of fatty liver due to obesity.

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Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-apolipoprotein B ratio as a potential indicator of LDL particle size and plasma atherogenicity in type 2 diabetes

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on the Clinical Significance of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL and New Therapeutical Options

Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients

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